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For the works or study of works from classical antiquity, see Classics

Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicist seeks to emulate. Classicism is usually contrasted with romanticism; the art of classicism typically seeks to be formal, restrained, and Apollonian (nothing in excess) rather than Dionysiac (excess), in Friedrich Nietzsche's opposition. It can also refer to the other periods of classicism (see sidebar).

In the theatre

Classicism in the theatre was developed by 17th century French playwrights from what they judged to be the rules of Greek classical theatre, including the Classical unities of time, place and action.

• Unity of time referred to the need for the entire action of the play to take place in a fictional 24-hour period
• Unity of place meant that the action should unfold in a single location
• Unity of action meant that the play should be constructed around a single 'plot-line', such as a tragic love affair or a conflict between honour and duty.

Classicists did not approve of Shakespeare, who constantly broke these rules.

Examples of classicist playwrights:

• Pierre Corneille
• Jean Racine

Victor Hugo was among the first French playwrights to break these conventions.

See also Polish classicism

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