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Video and Film

Webpages concerning "Video and Film"

23d digital media is a motion graphics studio located in Atlanta, Georgia. Our services include time based design for video, film and web.
http://www.23d.com/
Keywords:
motion graphics, Atlanta, broadcast design, Georgia, design, production, Spanish, latin america, video

http://www.23d.com/

absolute communications, inc, video production, web design,graphic design
http://www.absolutecomm.com
Keywords:
absolute, video production, video postproduction, video, production, southeastern, michigan, video editing, video production michigan, cd duplication, dvd duplication, video commercials, web site design, website design, web site hosting, web design, dvd authoring, streaming video, videotaping services, web, site, creation, michigan, website creation michigan, graphic design, ...

http://www.absolutecomm.com

The AP Television News Website
http://www.aptnproductions.com
Keywords:
news, entertainment, crews, broadcast, archives, cameras, studios, editing, feeds, technology, techtv, programmes, productions, vnrs, satellites, world, media, roving, report, current, affairs, videos, middle east, live, timeline, global, flash

http://www.aptnproductions.com

Award winning broadcast and corporate video production, San Francisco, Tampa Bay, London
http://www.chrislayheassociates.com
Keywords:
video production, broadcast postproduction, video edit, video shoot, animation, High Definition, HD, Varicam, interactive cd-rom, dvd encoding, independent film, music video, San Francisco, Tampa Bay, Clearwater, Tampa, St Petersburg, indie film production, editing, video shooting, digital edit, film editing, Betacam SP, DVCPro50, DVCPro, DVCam, DigiBeta, VHS, SVHS, DV, Mini-DV, ...

http://www.chrislayheassociates.com

Transform images and sound into Videography for CorporateTraining, Video Brochures, Weddings, Commercials, Infomercials, Music, Film and Special Events. Capture the moments in digital cinema!
http://www.cinemagical.com
Keywords:
multimedia production services, videography, digital cinema, photo montages, music videos, radio commercials, training videos, feature film production, documentaries, radio commercials, television infomercials, photographer, Diberville, Darker than Amber, Angela, Sophia Loren, Fashion photography, digital video production, DVD, production budgeting, talent auditions, booking agent, ...

http://www.cinemagical.com

Video production services in Denver Colorado, Colorado Springs, Aspen, Vail, Fort Collins for Broadcast Television, Marketing and Commercial, digital video productions, duplication, graphics, editing, compositing, wedding videographers, corporate and sports events, film, tributes, photomontage, DVD and CD Authoring, videography consultants by VS Video Productions Company
http://www.vsvideoproductions.com
Keywords:
denver video production, colorado video production, denver video productions, colorado video productions, denver, colorado, video, production, colorado video producer, colorado, springs, video, producer, aspen video producer, denver video producer, denver, colorado, video, productions, colorado video producers, colorado, springs, video, producers, aspen video producers, denver video producers, ...

http://www.vsvideoproductions.com

DVD production, video production, multimedia production services
http://www.grapevinecommunications.co.uk
Keywords:
DVD, video, production, multimedia, corporate, digital, training, communications, multimedia, authoring, presentations, Flash, animation, After Effects, e-learning, sales, pr, investor, internal, Cambridge, England, UK, East Anglia

http://www.grapevinecommunications.co.uk

Ark Productions shows the eye catching art of underwater fashion photography and video production
http://uw_fashion_photog.tripod.com
Keywords:
fashion, underwater, wet, advertising, pool, submerged, bathtub, waterproof, modeling, dress, clothing, SCUBA, Sony, bubbles, television, photography, Nikon, video, shoes, hair, makeup, women, blouse, swimming, breatholding, water, TV, film, videotape, commercial

http://uw_fashion_photog.tripod.com

Since 1984 we have defined unique opportunites and applied innovaton to create solutions appropriate to the kid in us all.
http://folkstone.ca
Keywords:
design, folkstone, folkstone design, innovation, solutions, delight, appropriate, technology, people, distributed, social, process, transparency, kid, in, us, all, humor, complex, systems

http://folkstone.ca

Action sports cinematography by Emmy Award Winning cinematographer Michael Graber. Michael Graber heads up a film and video production company specializing in action sports, adventure, and the natural environment. Extreme film footage includes mountaineering, surfing, snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, and more.
http://www.michaelgraberproductions.com
Keywords:
motion picture production, cinematography, cinematographer, Michael Graber, Diana Graber, Graber Productions, action sports cinematography, action sports cinematographer, action sports photography, stock footage, extrem film footage, mountaineering, surfing, snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding, 16mm, action sports, action, adventure, aerial footage, backcountry skiing, beaches, betacam, ...

http://www.michaelgraberproductions.com

We are an independent corporate media facility offering the full range of video, audio visual and multi media services. We specialise in corporate videos and running corporate events and meetings.
http://www.groundzero.uk.com
Keywords:
corporate video, corporate, media, animation, audio-visual, conceptual design, pfizer, shire, axon, kent county council, menarini, viagra, groundzero, ground zero, ground:zero, design, multimedia, post production, video, web design, special effects

http://www.groundzero.uk.com

HD Vision Studios is the industry leader in High-Def Production.
http://hdvstudios.tv
Keywords:
HDV, HDVS, HDV Studios, Randall Paris Dark, Stock Footage, HD Stock footage, Final Cut, Editing, Post Production, High Definition, Telecine, D-Cinema, Fiber Transfer, Motion Graphics, DVD Authoring, Digital Distribution, Production Facilities, Audio, Video Production, Production, Miramax, Universal, MGM, Sony

http://hdvstudios.tv

"3D
http://www.headus.com.au/
Keywords:
"3D

http://www.headus.com.au/

The home page of Grove Video Services, professional wedding videomakers who are based in Cardiff and operate in the South Wales Region. All recording and editing is in Digital Format (DV) with Clients copies available in a range of formats.
http://www.grovevideo.co.uk
Keywords:
Wedding Videos, Video makers, videographer, videomaker, weddings, Cardiff, South Wales, Grove Video Services, Association, of, Professional, Videomakers, Digital Video, DV Format.

http://www.grovevideo.co.uk

Mirage Productions has become the most requested ENG/EFP production company in the New York City metro area. Award winning broadcast BetaSP or Digibeta crews, complete 35mm/16mm film production, and post-production facilties are available.
http://www.mirageproductions.com
Keywords:
new, york, video, production, new, jersey, video, production, Film, editing, camera crews, nyc, nj, television production, eng, efp, beta, media 100, dvd production, web design

http://www.mirageproductions.com

Panta Rhei Media produces commercial, promotional and informational programs for release on video, CD-ROM, DVD and the Web. Our forte is talking projects from concept to completion, using character, plot and time-tested themes to move audiences to action. Since 1984, we have been producing effective visual programs for customers in the Pittsburgh area. Now our unique blend of character and conten...
http://www.panta-rhei.com
Keywords:
Pittsburgh, shooting, editing, compositing, powerpoint, interactive, events, video production, multimedia, dvd development, cd-rom design, corporate events, character, patient education, capabilities, video, animation, effects

http://www.panta-rhei.com

STVP specializes in high-end video production (including news motion graphic design/branding and television commercial spots/productions)
http://www.stvp.net
Keywords:
STVP, South Jersey, New Jersey, Atlantic City, Cape May, Video, Miss New Jersey, Videographer, Steven Trauger, Advertising, Wedding, Station Redesign, Television, Graphics, Motiongraphics, Branding, Design, Imaging, Freelance, Producer, Cameraman, Editor, Editing, Dubbing, Duplication, TV, Broadcast, Spot, Production, Commercial, Video, Pageant, NJ

http://www.stvp.net

Shootyou are a London UK based video production company, producing corporate and business videos.
http://www.shootyou.co.uk
Keywords:
video production, video, production, companies, corporate, business, web, London, UK, training videos, pr, streaming, mpeg, dvd, cd rommarketing, NTSC

http://www.shootyou.co.uk

Root Folder
http://www.vandongenav.nl
Keywords:
I-P-D, IPD Hosting, Dedicated, Server, Mysql, website, traffic, domein registratie, datacentre, europese domeinregistratie, webserver, popboxen, .EU registratie, .be registratie, Paul Ballieux, Colocated, eurid, php5, colocation, Virtual Hosting, shared hosting, webmail, bsmtp, Hosting pakket, email, windows, unix, linux, zakelijke hosting, MS Exchange, Fallback MX, Jabdah, Axoft Group BV

http://www.vandongenav.nl

We specialize in corporate, educational, broadcast, promotional, and legal video productions for Puget Sound Businesses. We are a northwest based business located in Fife, WA.
http://www.actvp.com
Keywords:
Video production, Production companies, Digital video productions, Tacoma Video Productions, Webcasting, VHS duplications, DVD duplications, CD duplications, Video duplications, Film transfers, Picture packages, Beta duplications, Beta sp duplications, Production services, Training videos, Video montage, DVD authoring, Foreign conversions, Film conversions, PAL conversions, Photo, video, ...

http://www.actvp.com

We provide many cost-effective DVD programming services including premastering, compression, authoring, archiving, mastering, and replication.
http://www.digitalauthoringsolutions.com
Keywords:
digital, authoring, solutions, llc, new york, manhattan, ny, dvd, dvd programming, dvd service, programming, multimedia services, authoring, brooklyn, post production companies, classroom tools, archiving, video libraries, weddings, premastering, replication, compression, mpeg2, one-offs, hyperlinks, dvd-5, dvd-9

http://www.digitalauthoringsolutions.com

1 Digital, Mpeg Encoding for, MPEG 1, mpeg2, AVI, QT, DVD, VCD, CDI,and Realvideo We encode for,Laptops,MII,M2,Video CD players,Cdi,VCD players,Authoring Cd-rom,Authoring VCD,Video Perfect
http://www.1digital.com
Keywords:
mpeg, mpeg2, MPEG2, 1Digital, 1 Digital, encoding services, MPEG service bureau, Mpeg Encoding, mpeg encoding, VCD encoding, CDI, AVI, Quicktime, DVD, digital movies, digitizing movies, We, can, encode, for, video, on, Laptops, MII, M2, Video CD players, Cdi players, VCD players, Authoring Cd-Rom, Authoring VCD, Authoring Video Perfect, cd-rom, DVD-rom, interactive tv, mutlimedia, ...

http://www.1digital.com

Camera Crews, Video Production Services, Washington, DC; Maryland and Virginia. Media Training and Video News Releases, DV, Crews, DC, MD, VA.
http://www.freelancevideoservices.com
Keywords:
Camera Crews, HDV, Camera Crew, Video production, Betacam, DV, BetaSP, Washington, DC, Maryland, Virginia, Video News Release, Video News Releases, Media Training, Media Coaching, VNR, VNRs, VNR's, Betacam Camera Crew

http://www.freelancevideoservices.com

Photography, Video, Wedding, Senior pictures, Photographers, Wedding Photographers
http://www.a1superiorproductions.com
Keywords:
Photography, Video, Weddings, Wisconsin Photographers, Wedding Photographers, Senior pictures, Destination Weddings, Photographers, Fine Art, Fantasy portraits

http://www.a1superiorproductions.com

Professional, broadcast quality video production--come by and visit www.americanimagemakers.com
http://www.americanimagemakers.com
Keywords:
video, production, video production, tape, digital, beta, betacam, on location shoot, commercials, commercial, home movies, movie, documentary, dub, dubbing, transfer, 8mm, 8 millimeter, eight millimeter, film, location, document, video tape, videotape, record, AMERICANIMAGEMAKERS.COM, american-image-makers.com, americanimage-makers.com, american-imagemakers.com, aim.com, AIM.COM, a.i.m.com, ...

http://www.americanimagemakers.com

AMV:Melbourne Video Productions are leaders in profesional video production in Australia for business, corporate and training, music videos, wedding video producers, television commercial video productions, professional video editing, DVD productions
http://amvproductions.com.au
Keywords:
video productions melbourne, melbourne, video, productions, australia, video, producers, Melbourne, Australia, wedding video productions, videos of wedding, music videos producers, tv ads, corporate video, television commercials, digital video editing, profession

http://amvproductions.com.au

Andiamo Visual Media and Video Production is located in Carlsbad, San Diego. Andiamoav.com provides video production, multimedia, video editing, video encoding, web design, CD-rom, DVD, and Internet streaming video services.
http://www.andiamoav.com
Keywords:
video production, multimedia, video editing, video encoding, web design, video duplication, streaming video, video, production, in, carlsbad, video, production, in, san, diego, video, editing, san, diego, video services, andiamo

http://www.andiamoav.com

Angle Park, Inc. is a Chicago, Illinois film and video production and post-production company, producing commercials, corporate video, museum exhibits, and documentary-style projects.
http://www.anglepark.com
Keywords:
chicago, illinois, film, video, multimedia, interactive, website, web, corporate video, video production, video producer, streaming, exhibit, communications, advertising, commercial, spot, ads, television, tv, museum, compression, exhibits, webvideo, consulting, DVD, CD-ROM, kiosk, animation, encoding, shooting, editing, martin baumgaertner, chicago video production, chicago video producer, ...

http://www.anglepark.com

Expert, cost-effective corporate video production. Call us for your next event, marketing, training, commercial or multimedia production
http://www.independent-media.com
Keywords:
austin video production, video production, austin texas, austin, texas, corporate video production, corporate, broadcast, editing, videography, freelance, studio, audio, film, television, TV, audio visual, independent media, independent-media, video company, post, corporate communication, digital, PSA, commercial, commercials, programming, church, non-profit, documentary, news, vhs, s-vhs, ...

http://www.independent-media.com

Film and broadcast post production on our fully featured Avid Symphony Universal - the BigBoy of video editing - in Clearwater, Tampa Bay, Florida.
http://www.outpostproduction.com
Keywords:
Postproduction, post-production, video editing, Tampa, Clearwater, video production, film production, Avid Symphony, Avid edit, Betacam, DVCPro, Outpostproduction, FloridaPostproduction, post-production, video editing, Tampa, Clearwater, video production, film production, Avid Symphony, Avid edit, Betacam, DVCPro, EditTampaBay, Florida, Creative, Documentaries, TV Spots, Infomercials, ...

http://www.outpostproduction.com

Provides quality video production services to small businesses and public agencies. We provide scripting, videotaping, editing, duplication, and film-to-tape services. In addition, we now offer Web design services.
http://www.barbosavideo.com
Keywords:
aaaaa, barbosa, video, services, production, film, communication, DV, Mini-DV, CD-ROM, DVCAM, VHS, S-VHS, editing, SVHS, videotaping, cable television, duplication, film-to-tape, film transfers, home movies, scripting, script, writing, editing, edit

http://www.barbosavideo.com

Big Shoulders, located in Chicago, is a full service video production company with on-site production, post production, graphics and finishing services.
http://www.bigshoulders.com
Keywords:
Chicago, Chicago camera crews, Chicago production, Chicago editing, Chicago post production, Chicago studio, Chicago design, Chicago motion graphics, camera crews, production, editing, post production, motion graphics, animation, graphic design, broadcast, commercials, studio, video production, shoot, edit, design, commercial, digital, editing, company, compositing, corporate video, coporate, ...

http://www.bigshoulders.com

Blackbird Media Group is a communications company specializing in media production that clearly and effectively tells your story. Connecting with your audience is critical, especially in times of tight budgets and limited resources. More than ever you need to communicate as clearly and as efficiently as possible. Our goal is to see that you hit those marks while making every penny count.
http://blackbirdmediagroup.com
Keywords:
video, film, video production, video communications, storytellers, documentary, corporate video production, instructional, video presentation, media, new media, marketing, fundraising, capital campaigns, educational, advertising, recruiting, admissions, healthcare, learning, CD-ROM, DVD, web video, web design, graphic design, audio production, screenwriting, editing, customized solutions, team, ...

http://blackbirdmediagroup.com

Celebrate with Moving Pictures. Animate your favorite photographs into a video montage for events like weddings, anniversaries, birthdays, family reunions and family histories.
http://www.yourmovingpictures.com
Keywords:
Moving Pictures, animations, video montage, photographs, photos, genealogy, Northwest Arkansas, Bentonville, heritages, life, lives, souvenirs, music, celebrations, weddings, golden, anniversaries, birthdays, gifts, memory, memories, family, families, great, grand, parents, my, specials, occasions, fathers, mothers, children, history, histories, reunions, graduations, records, videos, editing, ...

http://www.yourmovingpictures.com

A full service Chicago video production company, producing award winning corporate videos, providing experienced broadcast video production crews, digital editing facilities and designing television broadcast systems.
http://www.productioncraft.com/
Keywords:
Chicago video production, Chicago, video, production, company

http://www.productioncraft.com/

cinema corporate creations video production - competitively priced corporate video, dvd, corporate functions, training videoing, video production, videos professional quality video videography, dvd production, training videos cd-rom video-cd corporate function, multimedia, dvd, video videography effects digital videoing equipment specialised videography videoing, events, expo, exhibition, product,...
http://www.corporatevideos.co.za
Keywords:
cinema, corporate, creations, video, production-, corporate, corporates, corporate video, functions, training video, video production, function videography, corporate function videography, corporate dvd, trainingl dvd, tourism video, dvd production, corporate videoing, videographers, videographing, multimedia, video production, dvd production, filming, videography, corporate videography, ...

http://www.corporatevideos.co.za

Baughan Productions, Inc. is a Colorado Video Production company based in Frisco, Colorado. Serving Denver, Boulder, Colorado Springs, Front range, Breckenridge, Keystone, Keystone Convention Center, Vail, Aspen, Frisco, Edwards, Avon and the rocky mountain region. Colorado betacam crew, Colorado HD crew. Formats include high definition HD, Betacam SP. Betacam, DV, DVCam, HDV, Sony CineAlta, P...
http://www.baughan.com
Keywords:
Baughan Productions, Inc., Tim Nixon, Colorado Video Production, videographer, Denver videographer, production Colorado, Denver Video Production, Boulder Video Production, Frisco Video Production, Vail Video Production, Aspen Video Production, Breckenridge Video Production, Colorado Video Crew, Denver Video Crew, Boulder Video Crew, Frisco Video Crew, Vail Video Crew, Aspen Video Crew, ...

http://www.baughan.com

Creative Media Alliance provides creative multimedia solutions for marketing, broadcast, corporate and internet communication.
http://www.creativemediaalliance.com
Keywords:
creative media alliance, creativemediaalliance, cma, creativemedialliance, seattle, video production, video editing, video encoding, DVD, web video, CDROM, broadcast, web design, web development, email marketing, search optimization, search engine optimization, internet marketing, emarketing, eflyer, architectural video, event video, adventure video, marketing video, commercial

http://www.creativemediaalliance.com

Video and Film Production in Fort Wayne Indiana, Offering Uncompressed Non-Linear Editing, 3D Animation, BetaSP, D-9, 16mm Film and Steadicam.
http://www.colproductions.com
Keywords:
Video Production, BetaSP, D9, Non-Linear Editing, Final Cut Pro, CineWave, 3D Animation, Steadicam, Broadcast, Corporate, Industrial, Uncompressed, Betacam SP, Film Productions, Betacam, SVHS, Video, Productions, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Commercials, Corporate Video, Videographer, Lightwave, Morphing, Animation, edit, Video Tape, Digital, editing, Wedding Video, Wedding Videography, Weddings, G4, ...

http://www.colproductions.com

Bringing digital video production services to companies, organizations, and individuals throughout New England
http://www.video-services.net
Keywords:
digital, video, production, services, videography, videographer, video editing services, Concord, Boston, Massachusetts, video transfer, Michael Kolowich, DigiNovations

http://www.video-services.net

We don't make movies, we make them bigger. Take your digital video production to the cinema with an amazing 35mm print.
http://www.digitalfilmgroup.com
Keywords:
film transfers, blow ups, blow, up, to, 35mm, video to film, digital to film, film blow ups, film recording, digital intermediate, dv to film, HD to film, High Definition, Standard definition, HD, 2K, 4K, film intermediate, film, transfers, from, DVX100, DVX100, PD150, sony PD150, panasonic, sony, independent film transfers, DVCam, 35mm, post production, consultation, transfer house

http://www.digitalfilmgroup.com

We don't make movies, we make them bigger. Take your digital video production to the cinema with an amazing 35mm print.
http://www.digitalfilmgroup.net
Keywords:
film transfers, blow ups, blow, up, to, 35mm, video to film, digital to film, film blow ups, film recording, digital intermediate, dv to film, HD to film, High Definition, Standard definition, HD, 2K, 4K, film intermediate, film, transfers, from, DVX100, DVX100, PD150, sony PD150, panasonic, sony, independent film transfers, DVCam, 35mm, post production, consultation, transfer house

http://www.digitalfilmgroup.net

At Double Zoot Creative our mission is to provide unparalleled marketing, training, and human resource programs in a variety of different media including: video, interactive CD, and the Internet.
http://www.doublezoot.com/
Keywords:
Double Zoot Creative, Double Zoot, video, digital video, St. Louis, Saint Louis, interactive media, interactive CD, streaming video, editing, video editing, training, computer based training, marketing, product knowledge, video production, NLE, Non Linear Editing

http://www.doublezoot.com/

DVD Authoring, CDROM Authoring, MPEG Encoding and Custom Systems by McDougall Digital Production Services.
http://www.mcdougalldigital.com
Keywords:
DVD, DVD-R, CD-ROM, CDROM Authoring, DVD premastering, replication, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG1, MPEG2, encoding, marketing, advertising, webmaster, desktop publishing, video, producer, director, animation, preproduction, postproduction, consulting services, television, edit, online, offline

http://www.mcdougalldigital.com

Eclipse Productions provides effective and creative videography and photography services
http://www.eclipse-productions.com/
Keywords:
photography, photos, pictures, photographer, videography, videos, videographer

http://www.eclipse-productions.com/

A northern New England video production company. Accompnay Video Company is a Full Service Video production company. Special event recording, DVD and VHS duplication.
http://accompanyvideo.com/index.htm
Keywords:
video, production, new, hampshire, maine, new, england, boston, service, services, televison, event, recording, documentary, field, broadcast, corporate, special, projects

http://accompanyvideo.com/index.htm

Highfield Productions - Television and video production.
http://www.highfieldtv.demon.co.uk
Keywords:
Video production, educational video, training video, marketing video, Devon, Cornwall, South West England, Highfield Productions, Highfield TV, TV, and, video, production, DVD production, The, Villages, of, Cornwall, South, Devon, Railway, video, Trebah Gardens video, The Garden House, video camera, editing, and, dubbing, video

http://www.highfieldtv.demon.co.uk

Multimedia and Video Production Company
http://www.ptialaska.net/~databrok/
Keywords:
Alaska, White Pass RailRoad, Return, or, Rotary, #1, video, Multimedia, CD-Rom Publishing, Commercial Video Production, Video, Multimeida, CD-Rom, Railroad, Alaskan, Sqirrel Cam

http://www.ptialaska.net/~databrok/

jingles: Sweetsong Productions offers ingles, radio jingles, radio station jingles, TV jingles, advertising jingles, commercial jingles and more.
http://www.sweetsong.com/
Keywords:
jingles, radio jingles, radio station jingles, TV jingles, advertising jingles, commercial jingles, jingle production, radio/TV jingles, jingles, ad jingles, music jingles, voice, talent, jingles, production, radio jingles, on hold messages, on-hold production, audio business cards, electronic business cards, narration, digital recording studio, music video production, production library, ...

http://www.sweetsong.com/

In these multi-lingual, multi-cultural times, JN Productions has full capabilities to produce your video in the language of your target audience.
http://www.jnproductions.com/
Keywords:
JN Productions, production, translation, dvd, video, hawaii, japanese, subtitling, television, tv, graphics, subtitles, language, KIKU, Joanne Ninomiya

http://www.jnproductions.com/

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Wikipedia-Article "Video"

Look up Video in Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Video is the technology of capturing, recording, processing, transmitting, and reconstructing moving pictures, typically using celluloid film, electronic signals, or digital media.

Contents

Description

bright green - NTSC, yellow - PAL, or switching to PAL, orange - SECAM, olive - no information
Enlarge
bright green - NTSC, yellow - PAL, or switching to PAL, orange - SECAM, olive - no information

The term video (from the Latin for "I see") commonly refers to several storage formats for moving pictures: digital video formats, including DVD, QuickTime, and MPEG-4; and analog videotapes, including VHS and Betamax. Video can be recorded and transmitted in various physical media: in celluloid film when recorded by mechanical cameras, in PAL or NTSC electric signals when recorded by video cameras, or in MPEG-4 or DV digital media when recorded by digital cameras.

Quality of video essentially depends on the capturing method and storage used. Digital television (DTV) is a relatively recent format with higher quality than earlier television formats and has become a standard for television video. (See List of digital television deployments by country.)

3D-video, digital video in three dimensions, premiered at the end of 20th century. Six or eight cameras with realtime depth measurement are typically used to capture 3D-video streams. The format of 3D-video is fixed in MPEG-4 Part 16 Animation Framework eXtension (AFX).

In the UK, the term video is often used informally to refer to both video recorders and video cassettes; the meaning is normally clear from the context.

Characteristics of video streams

Number of frames per second

Frame rate, the number of still pictures per unit of time of video, ranges from six or eight frames per second (fps) for old mechanical cameras to 120 or more frames per second for new professional cameras. PAL (Europe) and SECAM (France) standards specify 25 fps, while NTSC (North America) specifies 30 fps. To achieve the illusion of a moving image, the minimum frame rate is about ten frames per second.

Interlacing

Video can be interlaced or progressive. Interlacing was invented as a way to achieve good visual quality within the limitations of a narrow bandwidth. The horizontal scan lines of each interlaced frame are numbered consecutively and partitioned into two fields: the odd field consisting of the odd-numbered lines and the even field consisting of the even-numbered lines. NTSC, PAL and SECAM are interlaced formats. Abbreviated video resolution specifications often include an i to indicate interlacing. For example, PAL video format is often specified as 576i50, where 576 indicates the horizontal resolution, i indicates interlacing, and 50 indicates 50 (single-field) frames per second.

In progressive scan systems, each frame includes all of the scan lines. The result is a much higher perceived resolution.

A procedure known as deinterlacing can be used for converting an interlaced stream, such as analog, DVD, or satellite, to be processed by progressive scan devices, such as TFT TV-sets, projectors, and plasma panels. Deinterlacing inevitably decreases video quality.

Video resolution

Comparison of TV resolutions
Enlarge
Comparison of TV resolutions

The size of a video image is measured in pixels for digital video or horizontal scan lines for analog video. Standard-definition television (SDTV) is specified as 640×480i60 for NTSC and 720×576i50 for PAL or SÉCAM resolution. New high-definition televisions (HDTV) are capable of resolutions up to 1920×1080p60, i.e. 1920 pixels per scan line by 1080 scan lines, progressive, at 60 frames per second.

Video resolution for 3D-video is measured in voxels (volume picture element, representing a value in three dimensional space). For example 512×512×512 voxels resolution, now used for simple 3D-video, can be displayed even on some PDAs.

Aspect ratio

Comparison of common cinematography and television (green) aspect ratios.
Enlarge
Comparison of common cinematography and television (green) aspect ratios.

Aspect ratio describes the dimensions of video screens and video picture elements. The screen aspect ratio of a traditional television screen is 4:3, or 1.33:1. High definition televisions use an aspect ratio of 16:9, or about 1.78:1. The aspect ratio of a full 35 mm film frame with soundtrack (also known as "Academy standard") is around 1.37:1.

Pixels on computer monitors are usually square, but pixels used in digital video have non-square aspect ratios, such as those used in the PAL and NTSC variants of the CCIR 601 digital video standard, and the corresponding anamorphic widescreen formats.

Color space and Bits per pixel

Example of U-V color plane, Y value=0.5
Enlarge
Example of U-V color plane, Y value=0.5

Color model name describes the video color representation. YIQ is used in NTSC television. It corresponds closely to the YUV scheme used in PAL television and the YDbDr scheme used by SÉCAM television.

The number of distinct colours that can be represented by a pixel depends on the number of bits per pixel (bpp). A common way to reduce the number of bits per pixel in digital video is by chroma subsampling (e.g. 4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:2:0).

Video quality

Video quality can be measured with formal metrics like PSNR or with subjective video quality using expert observation.

The subjective video quality of a video processing system may be evaluated as follows:

  • Choose the video sequences (the SRC) to use for testing.
  • Choose the settings of the system to evaluate (the HRC).
  • Choose a test method for how to present video sequences to experts and to collect their ratings.
  • Invite a sufficient number of experts, preferably not fewer than 15.
  • Carry out testing.
  • Calculate the average marks for each HRC based on the experts' ratings.

Many subjective video quality methods are described in the ITU-T recommendation BT.500. One of the standardized method is the Double Stimulus Impairment Scale (DSIS). In DSIS, each expert views an unimpaired reference video followed by an impaired version of the same video. The expert then rates the impaired video using a scale ranging from "impairments are imperceptible" to "impairments are very annoying".

Video compression method (digital only)

A wide variety of methods are used to compress video streams. Video data contains spatial and temporal redundancy, making uncompressed video streams extremely inefficient. Broadly speaking, spatial redundancy is reduced by registering differences between parts of a single frame; this task is known as intraframe compression and is closely related to image compression. Likewise, temporal redundancy can be reduced by registering differences between frames; this task is known as interframe compression, including motion compensation and other techniques. The most common modern standards are MPEG-2, used for DVD and satellite television, and MPEG-4, used for home video.

Bit rate (digital only)

Bit rate is a measure of the rate of information content in a video stream. It is quantified using the bit per second (bit/s) unit or Megabits per second (Mbit/s). A higher bit rate allows better video quality. For example, VHS, with a bit rate of about 1 Mbit/s, is lower quality than DVD, with a bit rate of about 5 Mbit/s. HDTV has a still higher quality, with a bit rate of 10 Mbit/s.

Variable bit rate (VBR) is a strategy to maximize the visual video quality and minimize the bit rate. On fast motion scenes, a variable bit rate uses more bits than it does on slow motion scenes of similar duration yet achieves a consistent visual quality. For real-time and non-buffered video streaming when the available bandwidth is fixed, e.g. in videoconferencing delivered on channels of fixed bandwidth, a constant bit rate (CBR) must be used.

Stereoscopic

Stereoscopic video requires either two channels — a right channel for the right eye and a left channel for the left eye or two overlayed color coded layers. This left and right layer technique is occasionally used for network broadcast, or recent "anaglyph" releases of 3D movies on DVD. Simple Red/Cyan plastic glasses provide the means to view the images discreetly to form a stereoscopic view of the content. New HD DVD and HD Blu-ray disks will greatly improve the 3D effect, in color coded stereo programs. See articles Stereoscopy and 3-D film.

Video formats

Video Display Standards Video Connection Standards
  • New digital:
    • ATSC (USA, Canada, etc., Advanced Television Systems Committee)
    • DVB (European, Digital Video Broadcasting)
    • ISDB (Japanese, Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting)
  • Old analog:
    • NTSC (USA, Canada, Japan, etc.)
    • PAL (Europe, Asia, Australia, etc.)
    • SÉCAM (France, ex-USSR, Central Africa)

Analog Tape Formats (See Analog television)

Digital Tape Formats (See Digital video)

Optical Disc Storage Formats

Digital Encoding Formats

See also

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Wikipedia-Article "Film"

This article is about motion pictures. For other uses of "film", see photographic film or film (disambiguation).

Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The origin of the name comes from the fact that photographic film (also called filmstock) has historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist — motion pictures (or just pictures), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks — and most commonly movies.

"Film" refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed
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"Film" refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed

Films are produced by recording actual people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques and/or special effects. They comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown rapidly in succession, the illusion of motion is given to the viewer. Flickering between frames is not seen due to an effect known as persistence of vision — whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Perhaps of more relevance is what causes the perception of motion — a psychological effect identified as beta movement.

Film is considered by many to be an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences. The visual elements of cinema need no translation, giving the motion picture a universal power of communication. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Films are also artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them.

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