P
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Wikipedia-Article "P"
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P is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is pee.
Semitic Pê (mouth) as well as Greek Π or π (Pi) and the Etruscan and Latin letters that developed from the former alphabet all symbolized /p/, a plosive, unvoiced consonant. Those who speak Arabic usually have difficulty pronouncing this sound; they pronounce it like b instead.
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Phonetic use
In English and most other European languages, P is a voiceless bilabial plosive (/p/ in the IPA). A common digraph in English is "ph", which represents the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, and is commonly used to transliterate Phi ( φ ) in loanwords from Greek. Both initial and final P can be combined with many other discrete consonants in English words. A common example of assimilation is the tendency of prefixes ending in N to become M before P (such as "in" + "pulse" → "impulse" — see also List of Latin words with English derivatives).
In German, the digraph "pf" is common, representing a labial affricate of /p/ and /f/.
Alternative representations
Papa represents the letter P in the NATO phonetic alphabet.
In international Morse code the letter P is DitDahDahDit: · - - ·
In Braille the letter P is represented as ⠏ (in Unicode), the dot pattern:
XX X. X.
Computing
In Unicode the capital P is codepoint U+0050 and the lowercase p is U+0070.
The ASCII code for capital P is 80 and for lowercase p is 112; or in binary 01010000 and 01110000, correspondingly.
The EBCDIC code for capital P is 215 and for lowercase p is 151.
The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "P" and "p" for upper and lower case respectively.
Meanings for P
- In baseball, P is the abbreviation for the position of pitcher.
- In biochemistry, P is the symbol for proline.
- In chemistry, P is the symbol for the element phosphorus, or sometimes for phosphate.
- In chess, P is sometimes used as a notation symbol for the pawn piece
- In computer science,
- P is an operation on a semaphore, used for process synchronisation.
- In complexity theory, P is the set of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine
- In computing,
<p>is the HTML tag to mark the beginning of paragraphs. - In driving a motor vehicle, P designates the parking gear of an automatic transmission.
- In international licence plate codes, P stands for Portugal.
- In mathematics, blackboard bold
represents the prime numbers - In music, p stands for piano, meaning "softly".
- In New Zealand P is slang for pure methamphetamine.
- In the SI system,
- In British coinage, it is the symbol for penny (plural pence), for example 25p (25 pence).
- In physics,
- p is the symbol for momentum or pressure
- P is the symbol power or polarisation;
- p is the symbol for the pond, a now obsolete unit of force; see kilopond.
- In particle physics, p is the symbol for the proton.
- As the first letter of a postal code,
- In Canada, P stands for Northern Ontario.
- In probability and statistics,
- p denotes probability
- the p-value of a given result in an experiment the is result's significance; that is, the probability of observing this result or a more extreme result, by chance alone.
- In publishing, a circled P, Ⓟ, represents a copyright on a sound recording.
- In Roman naming convention, P is the abbreviation for the praenomen Publius.
- In symbolic logic, p is often used to denote a proposition as well as q and r.
- In economics, P is usually used to represent price levels.
- In photography, most SLR cameras use P to signify program mode, where the camera sets both aperture and shutter speed.
- In Windows, Ctrl-P, and Mac OS, Command-P, prints the open document.
See also
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