Sandwich and Deli
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Wikipedia-Article "Sandwich"
- For other uses, see Sandwich (disambiguation).
The sandwich is a food item typically consisting of two slices of bread between which are laid one or more layers of meat, vegetable, cheese, or other fillings, together with optional or traditionally provided condiments, sauces, and other accompaniments. The bread is often either lightly buttered, covered in a flavoured oil when baked, or oil is added into the sandwich to enhance flavour.
Sandwiches are commonly carried to work or school in lunchboxes or brown paper bags (sandwich bags) to be eaten as the midday meal, taken on picnics, hiking trips, or other outings. They are also served in many restaurants as entrées, and are sometimes eaten at home, either as a quick meal or as part of a larger meal. As part of a full meal sandwiches are traditionally accompanied with such side dishes as a serving of soup (soup-and-sandwich), a salad (salad-and-sandwich), or potato chips and a pickle or coleslaw.
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Variations
The term "sandwich" has been expanded—especially in the United States—to include items made with other "breads" such as tortilla, rolls and focaccia. Thus hamburgers and "subs", for example, are called "sandwiches" in the United States, although not in the midwest, south or western states or most other English-speaking countries (since they are not made with slices of bread from a loaf).
The nearest traditional Scandinavian equivalent is generally known elsewhere as an "open" or "open-face" sandwich, i.e. a single slice of bread with meat, fish, cheese, etc. as a topping, although the sandwich with two slices of bread has become more commonplace in recent times. This open-face variation is also prevalent in Russia, where it is known as a buterbrod (бутерброд, from the German word for "buttered bread").
In India, sandwiches are often vegetarian, the most common type being the vegetable sandwich.
In the UK, particularly in the north of England they are known, informally, as 'butties' or 'sarnies'. This is particularly the case with sandwiches including freshly-cooked bacon and butter, though other forms of 'butty' use other ingredients and mayonnaise. A sandwich filled with chips (US: french fries) is known as a 'chip buttie' (also butty). In French countries you might see this referred to as un Belge: a Belgian (sandwich). In Scotland, sandwiches are called 'pieces'. One Australian slang term for sandwich is 'sanger'. In South Africa sandwiches are sometimes called 'sarmies'.
Origin
The sandwich was named after John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, an 18th-century English aristocrat, although it is unlikely to have been invented by him. It is said that Lord Sandwich was fond of this form of food because it allowed him to continue gambling at cribbage while eating. The name of the earldom comes from that of the English village of Sandwich in Kent—from the Old English Sandwic, meaning "sand place". Nowadays some types of sandwich are too unwieldy to be held in one hand, thus defeating Montagu's original purpose, and must be eaten with a knife and fork, or at least with both hands. In some countries it is considered proper always to use cutlery to eat sandwiches.
Industry
According to the Washington Post, the USA sandwich business was worth $105 billion US in sales in 2003, with a 6% annual growth.
British Sandwich Week, organised by the British Sandwich Association which represents the sandwich industry in the United Kingdom , occurs on the week beginning on the second Sunday of May. In many economically deprived regions of England and Wales the sandwich is the only school provided lunch for those students who cannot afford to buy their own lunch.
Mathematics
The sandwich theorem, frequently used in calculus and real analysis, states that if a real-valued function (the filling) lies everywhere between two other real-valued functions (the bread) which both converge to the same limit, then the "middle function" also converges to that limit.
The ham sandwich theorem can be used to prove mathematically that a single cut can divide two pieces of bread and the filling each exactly in half.
Examples
Sandwiches vary greatly both in their style—how they are put together—and their fillings. Not every style can be used with every filling.
Sandwich styles
- Aram sandwich
- Filled baguette
- Bacon butty
- Bun
- Burger
- Burrito
- Chip butty, is a sandwich that has french fries in it
- Club sandwich
- Grilled cheese
- Döner kebab
- Georgia Hots
- Melt sandwich: Tuna melt, etc.
- Open sandwich, also known as "open face sandwiches". Traditional in several parts of Europe, especially in Scandinavia. In some parts of the United States the open face sandwich is usually served open face with warm meat (beef, turkey, ham) and covered with gravy.
- Panini
- Po' boy
- Sack-Sandwich
- Smörgåstårta, sandwich cake.
- Submarine sandwich
- Taco, is a "soft" or fried corn or flour tortilla folded in half over the ingredients
- Tea sandwich, are diminutive sandwiches usually reserved for entertaining
- Toasted sandwich, is toasted under a broiler or in a toaster oven
- Torta
- Wrap
- The Warren, natural peanut butter, bananas, swedish bread.
Fillings
- Bacon
- Banh Mi, Vietnamese sandwich
- Barbecue -shredded meat in BBQ sauce
- BLT sandwich (Bacon, Lettuce, and Tomato)
- Cheese (often served with pickle)
- Cheesesteak
- Chicken
- Coronation chicken
- Crab
- Croque Madame
- Croque Monsieur
- Cuban sandwich
- Cucumber sandwich
- Egg sandwich fried, scrambled, egg salad
- Peanut butter and Marshmallow Fluff, called a Fluffernutter
- French Dip sandwich and Italian beef sandwich
- Grilled cheese
- Gyros
- Ham
- Ham and cheese
- Hamburger or other ground meat patties, e.g.:
- Big Mac of McDonald's
- Whopper of Burger King
- Hot brown
- Hot dog or other sausages
- Jam sandwich
- Monte Cristo sandwich
- Muffuletta
- Peanut butter and jelly sandwich
- Nutella and other chocolate spreads
- Pork
- Potato chip sandwich, classic American "White trash" or "Trailer park trash" cuisine
- Reuben
- Roast beef
- Shrimp
- Shawarma
- SPAM - fried, with mayo or Miracle Whip
- Steak
- Tuna and Mayonnaise often with added Sweetcorn
- Vegemite sandwich
- Vegetable sandwich
External links
Wikipedia-Article "Deli"
- This article is about food stores. For the movie, see Delicatessen (film).
The word delicatessen designates a kind of food store. The word is of German origin, meaning "delicacies," and has different meanings in different countries. A North American delicatessen is often referred to, informally or affectionately, as a deli. In some regions of Australia, the same words are used to mean a general store or convenience store.
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The US delicatessen
The delicatessen as found in the cities of the United States (and occasionally Canada) emphasizes take-out food. It is a boon to the contemporary city dweller with a distaste for chain fast food joints but without time for a sit-down or home-cooked meal. It is meant to be a one-stop in-and-out dining venue for later day meals.
A delicatessen is something between a fast-food restaurant and a grocery store. It offers a much wider and fresher menu than chain fast food restaurants, never employing fry machines and always making sandwiches to order.
A grocery store or supermarket may make its own deli food, or even have a deli within it. Like a market, a delicatessen may also offer a selection of shelved food, often of the type that is not likely to be kept for more than a day. Produce, when present, is limited in quantity—and often freshness.
Delicatessens vary greatly in size, but are typically not as large as grocery stores. In areas with high rents for retail space, delicatessens are often quite small.
Product base
Every good delicatessen has a solid sandwich menu, all of which are made to order behind the counter. Most have a wide selection of various sandwiches, ranging from clubs to hero, hot to cold, from sandwiches to wraps. The pastrami sandwich is sometimes considered the ultimate criterion of quality in a delicatessen.
Delicatessens often sell their meats by weight, as cold cuts, and prepare party trays.
In addition to made-to-order sandwiches, nearly all delicatessens offer made-to-order green salads. Equally essential is a selection of pre-made—often in house—pasta, potato, chicken, tuna, shrimp, and other variety of "wet" salads, displayed underneath the counter and bought by weight. Pre-cooked chicken, shrimp, or eggplant products, possibly fried or parmigiana style are found frequently, though they do not constitute the mainstay of a delicatessen.
In order to provide an opportunity for a complete meal, delicatessens also offer a wide variety of beverages, usually pre-packaged soft drinks, coffee, teas, milk, etc. Chips and similar products are available in some variety, though they rarely rival the selection of small package cookies and snack foods; some pre-packaged, others store-made and cellophane wrapped.
Alongside these primarily lunch and dinner products, a delicatessen might also offer a number of additional items geared toward the breakfast eater, including baked goods (breakfast pastries, bagels, toast), yogurt, and warm, egg "breakfast sandwiches". Newspapers and small food items such as candy and mints are also usually available for purchase.
Most delicatessens are run by a regular staff; getting to know them will probably improve your service.
Urban affiliation
The North American delicatessen is skewed towards cities, particularly older cities that are less car-oriented, thus favoring walk-in traffic. The residents of New York City have a particularly close connection to their delis, and many delicatessens outside of New York call themselves "New York Delicatessen," to evoke the emotional appeal of the traditional New York City delicatessen.
Delikatessen in Germany
In Germany, "Delikatessen" (as it is spelled) has a rather different meaning. The traditional German Delikatessenläden ("stores for delicacies") sold mostly top-quality foodstuffs for cooking, not the take-out food characteristic of North American delicatessens. Such stores have mostly disappeared today, while the need for specialty stores has shifted to foreign specialties, like "Asia shops" and so on.
Canadian usage
In Canada, both uses of the term are found. First-generation immigrants from Europe often use the term in a manner consistent with its original German meaning.
Origin of the word
Reference works state that the word delicatessen comes from German Delikatessen, and that this German word is the plural of Delikatesse, which in turn comes from French and means "delicate things (to eat)". The word delicate is recorded in Latin as delicatus, with the meaning "giving pleasure, delightful".
An alternative popular etymology supposes that the -essen part of the word is in fact the German word essen (= English: to eat, German: das Essen = English: the food). This would mean that the word is a portmanteau of the German words "delikates" (delicate, nominative case) and "Essen".
List of famous delicatessens
- Katz's Deli, on the Lower East Side of Manhattan
- 2nd Avenue Deli, a kosher deli in Manhattan's East Village
- Canter's, a delicatessen-restaurant in the Fairfax district of Los Angeles
- Dallmayr, a store for delicacies in Munich, Germany
- German-Grocery.com Purchase German food and deli - worldwide delivery