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A coating is a covering that is applied to an object to protect it or change its appearance. They may be applied as liquids, gases or solids.

Examples of coatings:

• anodizing
• chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition
• chromate conversion coating
• enamel (paint)
• industrial coating
• oxide (coating)
• paint
• plasma coatings
• electroless plating or electrochemical plating
• phosphate (coating)
• polymer coatings, such as Teflon
• sputtered or vacuum deposited materials
• Plate steel is often ordered from the mill P&O (Pickled and Oiled).
• enamel (vitreous)

See also

• List of coating techniques

This article is based on the article "Coating" from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License. Here you find the list of authors of this article. The article can only edited within Wikipedia. Edit this article in Wikipedia.

A laminate is a material constructed by uniting two or more layers of material together. The process of creating a laminate is lamination, which usually refers to sandwiching something between layers of plastic and sealing them with heat and/or pressure.

The materials used in laminates can be the same or different. For example, by applying a layer of plastic film either side of a sheet of glass, the glass is said to be the laminated subject. The plastic is said to be the laminate.

Examples of laminate materials include Formica and plywood. Formica and similar plastic laminates (such as Pionite or Wilsonart) are often referred to as High Pressure Decorative Laminate (HDPL) as they are created with heat and pressure of more than 5 lbf/in² (34 kPa).

Laminating paper, such as photographs, can prevent them from becoming creased, sun damaged, wrinkled, stained, smudged, abraded and/or marked by grease, fingerprints and environmental concerns. Photo identification cards and credit cards are almost always laminated with plastic film.

Contents 1 Types of laminators 2 Film types 3 See also 4 External links

Types of laminators

Three types of laminators are used most often in digital imaging:

• Pouch laminators
• Heated roll laminators
• Cold roll laminators

Film types

Laminate film is generally categorized into these five categories:

• Standard thermal laminating films
• Low-temperature thermal laminating films
• Heatset (or heat-assisted) laminating films
• Pressure-sensitive films
• Liquid laminates

See also

• glass-fibre reinforced plastic
• carbon-fibre reinforced plastic
• epoxy
• Composite material

External links

• An Introduction to Laminating Systems and Materials
• Ministry of Lamination

This article is based on the article "Laminating" from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia created and edited by online user community. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License. Here you find the list of authors of this article. The article can only edited within Wikipedia. Edit this article in Wikipedia.