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? Chicory
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Genus: Cichorium
Species
C. endivia - cultivated endive C. pumilum - wild endive C. intybus - common chicory

Chicory is a flowering plant in genus Cichorium of the family Asteraceae. There are two important species in genus Cichorium.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a perennial herb with flowers that are usually blue. It is originally from the Old World and was naturalized in North America, where it is seen as a rank, roadside weed. Its roots may be used as a substitute for coffee. It is also used as a flavoring in coffee.

Endive (Cichorium endivia) is a popular salad green, having a slightly bitter taste. It has also been attributed with herbal properties. Endive is often confused with chicory.

There are three principal types of endive: Belgian endive, curly endive and escarole:

Belgian endive (also known as French endive or witloof) has a small head of cream-coloured bitter leaves. It is grown in complete darkness to avoid the leaves turning green.

Curly endive (sometimes mistakenly called chicory in the United States) has green rimmed curly outer leaves.

Escarole has broad, pale green leaves and is less bitter than the other varieties.

Cichorium is used as a food plant by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Setaceous Hebrew Character and Turnip Moth.

Preparation of Chicory Coffee

Dig beside the chicory root with a long tool and cut it down deep. (Don't pull the leaves. They tear off more easily than the root pulls out.) Cut off the leaves and peel the roots. Split the roots and wash them because they may have soil inside. Next, cut the roots into long strips. Bake them at 140C (250F) for four hours. Maybe a little higher. Last, grind as you would coffee and add into coffee one for one...or boil only the ground chicory (one spoon per cup) for three minutes instead of coffee.

Symbolism and popular references

The chicory flower is often seen as inspiration for the Romantic concept of the Blue Flower.

References

• Chicory Coffee - How Does it Taste?
• ITIS 36762

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