Lymphoma
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Wikipedia-Article "Lymphoma"
Lymphoma is a general term for a variety of cancer that begins in the lymphatic system. In technical terms, lymphoma denotes malignancies of lymphocytes or, more rarely, of histiocytes. Collectively, these cell types form the reticuloendothelial system and circulate in the vessels of the lymphatic system. Just as there are many types of lymphocytes, so there are many types of lymphoma.
Traditionally, Lymphoma is classified as Hodgkin's lymphoma, discovered by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (all other types of lymphoma). Modern classifications of lymphoma have moved away from this artificial division.
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Classification
Working Formulation
The Working Formulation, published in 1982, is primarily descriptive but remains the most widely used classification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma today.
Low Grade
- Malignant Lymphoma, small lymphocytic (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
- Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, predominantly small cleaved cell
- Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, mixed (small cleaved and large cell)
Intermediate Grade
- Malignant Lymphoma, follicular, predominantly large cell
- Malignant Lymphoma, diffuse, small cleaved cells
- Malignant Lymphoma, diffuse, mixed (small and large cells)
- Malignant Lymphoma, diffuse large cells
High Grade
- Malignant Lymphoma, large cell, immunoblastic
- Malignant Lymphoma, lymphoblastic
- Malignant Lymphoma, small non-cleaved cells (Burkitt's lymphoma)
Miscellaneous
- Composite
- Mycosis fungoides
- Histiocytic
- Extramedullary plasmacytoma
- Unclassifiable
REAL/WHO Classification
The WHO Classification is the latest classification of lymphoma, published by the World Health Organization in 2001. It was based upon the "Revised European-American Lymphoma classification" (REAL) and is sometimes referenced by that name.
This classification attempts to classify lymphomas by cell type, i.e. the normal cell type that most closely resembles the tumour. They are classified in three large groups: the B cell tumours, the T cell and natural killer cell tumours, Hodgkin lymphoma, and other minor groups:
Mature B Cell Neoplasms
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
- B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
- Plasma cell neoplasms
- Plasma cell myeloma
- Plasmacytoma
- Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases
- Heavy chain diseases
- Extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (MALT lymphoma)
- Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma
- Follicular lymphoma
- Mantle cell lymphoma
- Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
- Mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma
- Intravascular large B cell lymphoma
- Primary effusion lymphoma
- Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia
- lymphomatoid granulomatosis
Mature T cell and Natural Killer (NK) Cell Neoplasms
- T cell prolymphocytic leukemia
- T cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia
- Aggressive NK cell leukemia
- Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
- Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
- Enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma
- Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma
- Blastic NK cell lymphoma
- Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome
- Primary cutaneous CD30-positive T cell lymphoproliferative disorders
- Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma
- Peripheral T cell lymphoma, unspecified
- Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Hodgkin Lymphoma (characterized by presence of Reed-Sternberg cells)
- Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma
- Nodular sclerosis
- Mixed cellularity
- Lymphocyte-rich
- Lymphocyte depleted
Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders
- Associated with a primary immune disorder
- Associated with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
- Associated with Methotrexate therapy
Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasms
- Histiocytic sarcoma
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
- Langerhans cell sarcoma
- Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma/tumour
- Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma/tumour
- Dendritic cell sarcoma, unspecified
Other classification systems
Prevalence
According to the U.S. National Institutes of Health, lymphomas account for about five percent of all cases of cancer in the United States, and Hodgkin's disease in particular accounts for less than one percent of all cases of cancer in the United States.
Because the lymphatic system is part of the body's immune system, patients with weakened immune system, such as from HIV infection or from certain drugs or medication, also have a higher incidence of lymphoma.
See also
External links
- Lymphoma Research Foundation
- Lymphoma Support Ireland
- Lymphoma Coalition
- Timeline of discovery and treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- ICD10 classification of lymphoma
- Comparison between classification systems
| Health science - Medicine - Hematology |
| Hematological malignancy and White blood cells |
| Lymphoid: Lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, CLL) - Lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease, NHL) - LPD
Myeloid: Myelogenous leukemia (AML, CML) - Myeloma (Multiple myeloma, Extramedullary plasmacytoma) - MPD (Essential thrombocytosis, Polycythemia) - MDS - Myelofibrosis - Neutropenia |
| Red blood cells |
| Anemia - Hemochromatosis - Sickle-cell disease - Thalassemia - Hemolysis - G6PD - Hereditary spherocytosis - other hemoglobinopathies |
| Coagulation and Platelets |
| Thrombosis - Deep vein thrombosis - Pulmonary embolism - Hemophilia - ITP - TTP |