JROTC
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Wikipedia-Article "JROTC"
The Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) is a program sponsored by the United States Armed Forces in high schools across the nation that train high school students in leadership and military sciences. Each program is directed by a Senior military, naval or aerospace instructor, who is a retired officer, and an assistant military, naval, or aerospace instructor, who is a retired non-commissioned officer, warrant officer, or commissioned officer of lesser rank. General or flag officers are not generally allowed to work as JROTC instructors. In certain situations, such as that of a large corps, there may be more than one assistant instructor. Junior ROTC units can also be found in military schools.
JROTC programs exist for the Army, Air Force, Navy, and the Marine Corps. Note that the Navy and Marine Corps JROTC programs are separate, unlike college and university ROTC programs, where Navy ROTC encompasses both Navy and Marine officer candidates.
In public schools, JROTC is an elective course and will generally accept everyone who applies. In some cases, students apply to the JROTC program; they will be interviewed by senior-level cadets and military instructors, and generally take an initial physical fitness test(this is dependant on the Senior Army Instructor's discretion). Boarding schools may offer JROTC programs, with some requiring participation in order to be accepted into the school. Often, students will participate for one year and receive credit in lieu of a physical education class. Students who excel in the first year of JROTC can apply for a second year. Most schools offer three to four years of JROTC training.
The curriculum stresses leadership training, drill and ceremonies, and physical fitness. Cadets typically wear their uniforms once or twice a week, usually standing for inspection, with the exception being those cadets whom attend a JROTC-based military academy. Many cadets participate in extracurricular activities such as the drill team, color guard, marksmanship team, or orienteering. During the school year there are regional competitions between JROTC units, with testing in all areas of military, naval and aerospace science.
Some units organize special visits to US military bases during Spring Break. There are also summertime "leadership academies" for cadets hosted by various military installations.
Many units also host an annual military ball where cadets put on their best dress uniforms (see related article mess dress) and gather together for a formal dinner. Awards are presented, speeches given, and in many respects it is like a second "prom" for juniors and seniors; sophomores and freshman also attend the Military Ball. Female cadets are generally not required to wear the dress uniform for military ball, but some do voluntarily do so.
Sometimes units also have a separate awards ceremony, which is attended by the instructors, guests, and parents. Fraternal organizations, such as the American Legion, often give out awards for military excellence, academics, and citizenship, in addition to the standard awards given by the JROTC program.
The year is often finished off with a change of command ceremony, where the new battalion commander, executive officer, and other battalion officers are named and take command from the current officers. Company-level offciers (commanders and XOs) are also named.
Many battalions chose the next year's NCO and junior officer's corps based on Officer Candidate and NCO Candidate Schools, usually held immediately following the end of the school year.
Successful completion of the program (usually 2-4 years of classes) can lead to advanced enlistee rank. For example, upon completion of 4 years of Air Force JROTC, it is possible for cadets, at their senior aerospace science instructor's discretion, to enlist in the Air Force at the rank of Airman First Class. Many JROTC instructors, however, encourage their cadets to apply to one or more of the United States military academies and/or college ROTC programs. The hope is to inspire cadets to go on to college, and if they desire military service, to do so by becoming a commissioned officer. There is no obligation to join any branch of the US military.
Units are set up according to the layout of their parent service. Army and Marine Corps JROTC units follow the battalion structure. Air Force JROTC Units are composed structurally based on size (wing if more than 251 cadets, group if more than 101, squadron if more than 51). Navy JROTC also typically follows the battalion (or company, depending on size) structure.
The most popular type of JROTC can easily be disputed, although numbers run in favor of Army and Air Force programs; the Air Force has the highest corps percentage at 65%. The total number of JROTC units permitted per service branch across the nation is determined by a quota set by the Federal government.