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Australian surgeons have successfully completed a rare operation to separate conjoined twins Tay-lah and Monique Armstrong who were joined upside-down at the back of the head, health officials said Wednesday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/26/health.siamese.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/26/health.siamese.reut/index.html

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is again investigating Lotronex, a popular new treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, after receiving reports that five women have died after taking it.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/31/lotrones.deaths.02/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/31/lotrones.deaths.02/index.html

Six-year-old Molly Nash has a chance at a better life, thanks to her 5-week-old brother Adam. He was born after genetic testing showed he would be a match for a transplant that could help her survive Fanconi anemia, a rare genetic disease.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/03/testube.brother/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/03/testube.brother/index.html

Lead poisoning may have caused years of chronic illness in composer Ludwig van Beethoven and may have contributed to his death, according to a team of researchers.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/17/beethoven.hair/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/17/beethoven.hair/index.html

A preliminary study of three popular diets found that the composition of the eating plans didn't have much to do with how much weight participants lost, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced Thursday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/20/diet.comparison/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/20/diet.comparison/index.html

African-Americans were significantly more likely than whites to experience childhood asthma, according to U.S. health statistics that showed on Thursday a widening racial gap among the young for the chronic lung disease.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/children/10/13/asthma.race.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/children/10/13/asthma.race.reut/index.html

Singapore nurseries and kindergartens may reopen next week as fears of an epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease, suspected in the deaths of four children, subside, officials said on Tuesday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/children/10/10/health.singapore.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/children/10/10/health.singapore.reut/index.html

A new study suggests women with a strong family history of breast cancer may have an increased risk of getting the disease themselves if they took birth control pills before 1975.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/10/pill.cancer/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/10/pill.cancer/index.html

A pharmacist filling a prescription squints to decipher the name of the drug on the form. Is it Avandia, a diabetes medication, or Coumadin, an anti-clotting agent? The doctor's handwriting is illegible, and a mistake could endanger the patient.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/04/doctors.handwriting.02/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/04/doctors.handwriting.02/index.html

In an effort to contain the spread of the deadly Ebola virus, health officials in Uganda have quarantined three neighborhoods on the outskirts of the small farming town of Gulu, and are making efforts to educate the public about the disease.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/16/uganda.ebola.un.02/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/16/uganda.ebola.un.02/index.html

The Justice Department Tuesday is set to propose toughening federal law to help officials keep fake, foreign-made pharmaceutical ingredients out of products sold on the U.S. market.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/03/drug.ingredients.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/03/drug.ingredients.reut/index.html

U.S. regulators said Wednesday they will investigate whether agreements between brand-name and generic drug manufacturers have been keeping lower-cost medicines from consumers.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/11/generics.investigation.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/11/generics.investigation.reut/index.html

Six-year-old Molly Nash has a chance at a better life, thanks to her 5-week-old brother Adam. He was born after genetic testing showed he would be a match for a transplant that could help her survive Fanconi anemia, a rare genetic disease.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/06/your.health/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/06/your.health/index.html

On a frigid morning last January, Christine, a 34-year-old mother of two, sat in the doctor's office, nervous but sure.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/23/one.woman.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/23/one.woman.ap/index.html

Abortion opponents contended Sunday that the new abortion pill may be unsafe and raised the possibility of government action to limit its use.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/02/abortion.pill.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/02/abortion.pill.ap/index.html

Anti-smoking groups said Wednesday they want R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. to stop test-marketing its experimental cigarette after an independent study found that Eclipse, touted as safer than ordinary cigarettes, poses many of the same health risks.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/05/reduced.smoke.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/05/reduced.smoke.ap/index.html

The maker of AllerCare dust mite allergen spray for carpets and furniture agreed to a settlement with the government, which includes paying nearly $700,000 to fund a mobile asthma clinic for poor children in Baltimore, Maryland, the Environmental Protection Agency said Thursday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/children/10/20/asthma.settlement.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/children/10/20/asthma.settlement.reut/index.html

A commonly used analgesic might help preserve the benefits of angioplasty, an operation done to clear out clogged arteries, researchers said on Tuesday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/11/health.sulindac.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/11/health.sulindac.reut/index.html

An experimental new rheumatoid arthritis treatment that targets renegade white blood cells shows promise in early testing, allowing some victims to resume normal lives and stop taking other medicines, researchers reported.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/31/arthritis.treatment.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/31/arthritis.treatment.ap/index.html

Heart-shocking machines installed in crowded places like airplanes and casinos can save dramatic numbers of people who suffer a cardiac arrest, according to a pair of studies.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/25/defibrillators/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/25/defibrillators/index.html

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The American Cancer Society estimates that more than 182,000 new cases will be diagnosed this year. But early detection and a variety of treatment options are improving the outlook for many women.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/10/26/dougherty.cancer01/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/10/26/dougherty.cancer01/index.html

An anti-abortion group is mounting a new legal battle to prevent British doctors separating conjoined twin girls -- a move likely to delay the surgery which was due to go ahead within the next two weeks.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/31/cojoined.twins/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/31/cojoined.twins/index.html

An ethical divide may have been crossed last week when doctors used stem cells taken from the umbilical cord of a baby boy whose embryo was chosen specifically to save his ill 6-year-old sister, medical ethicists said on Tuesday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/03/genetics.ethics.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/03/genetics.ethics.reut/index.html

A woman collapsed and died from a condition known as
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/23/economy.flight.syndrome.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/23/economy.flight.syndrome.reut/index.html

The number of American adults who smoke held steady in 1998 at one in four -- a rate that hardly budged during the 1990s despite anti-tobacco campaigns and new kick-the-habit aids like nicotine gum and the patch.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/05/still.smoking.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/05/still.smoking.ap/index.html

Scientists say they have confirmed what grandmothers have known for centuries -- that chicken soup is good for colds.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/17/chicken.soup.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/17/chicken.soup.reut/index.html

Babies fathered by men who are monitored for radiation exposure at work are no more likely than other children to die during pregnancy or suffer birth defects, British scientists said Friday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/men/10/13/nuclear.babies.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/men/10/13/nuclear.babies.reut/index.html

A Chinese company that has made the abortion pill mifepristone, also known as RU-486, for at least nine years will manufacture the drug for the U.S. market, The Washington Post reported Thursday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/12/abortionpill.maker.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/12/abortionpill.maker.ap/index.html

Negotiations over organ transplant policy between the House and Senate have fallen apart, making it virtually certain Congress will adjourn without approving new rules governing the system.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/18/transplant.rules.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/18/transplant.rules.ap/index.html

Seven-month-old twins who were born joined from the breastbone to the hip were separated after 311/2 hours in surgery.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/04/joined.twins.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/04/joined.twins.ap/index.html

An operation to separate conjoined twins that could save the life of one of the girls while killing the other will go ahead in the next few weeks.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/24/britain.twins.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/24/britain.twins.reut/index.html

Seven-month-old twins born conjoined from the bottom of the breastbone to the hip were separated after 23 hours in surgery.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/02/joined.twins.02.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/02/joined.twins.02.ap/index.html

The death toll from Ebola fever in northern Uganda rose to 60 on Tuesday and the outbreak is expected to continue for months, the World Health Organization said.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/24/bc.health.ebola.un.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/24/bc.health.ebola.un.reut/index.html

Five women reportedly died after using a popular new treatment for irritable bowel syndrome that can cause severe intestinal side effects, U.S. Food and Drug Administration records show.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/31/lotronex.deaths.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/31/lotronex.deaths.ap/index.html

Trying to get rid of that craving for chocolate? Feel guilty when you've indulged? Relax. Chocolate -- a little at least -- may be good for you and your heart.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/17/chocolate.heart.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/17/chocolate.heart.reut/index.html

Preliminary study findings show that a new genetically based screening test may spot colon cancers and polyps early enough to make a real impact on survivability.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/10/24/colon.cancer/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/10/24/colon.cancer/index.html

A surgeon involved in the world's first hand transplant has blamed his patient for the operation's apparent failure.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/21/britain.hand.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/21/britain.hand.reut/index.html

Doctors searching for a way to detect lung cancer with a simple blood test reported Wednesday that they have found a potential marker in bone marrow that may help them identify when the disease is present.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/10/26/lung.cancer.test.reut/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/cancer/10/26/lung.cancer.test.reut/index.html

When was the last time you went to the doctor and were able to see and talk to him or her more than 10 minutes or so?
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/06/doctors.time/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/06/doctors.time/index.html

Doctors declared success Wednesday in the groundbreaking case of an ailing 6-year-old girl who received a transplant of umbilical cord blood from her made-to-order baby brother.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/18/testtube.brother.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/18/testtube.brother.ap/index.html

Mary Lanphear is pinning her hopes on a soon-to-be-enacted law that allows U.S.-made drugs sold cheaper overseas to be brought back to the United States for resale. At 76, she spends hundreds of dollars each month for the 11 medications she needs.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/16/importing.drugs.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/16/importing.drugs.ap/index.html

A pharmaceutical industry group is asking a federal judge to block Maine's pioneering law aimed at cutting the cost of prescription drugs.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/19/prescription.drugs.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/19/prescription.drugs.ap/index.html

Two trials testing a promising treatment for multiple sclerosis were halted after some patients showed a worsening of symptoms and others had allergic-type reactions.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/02/drug.trials.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/02/drug.trials.ap/index.html

Overeating is more about fulfilling emotional needs than hunger, according to dietary expert and author Laurel Mellin.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/18/talk.diet/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/diet.fitness/10/18/talk.diet/index.html

A leading health policy expert says the U.S. government should no longer compel HIV-infected doctors to tell patients about their disease, reopening a debate that raged a decade ago after an American woman got AIDS from her dentist.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/AIDS/10/17/doctors.aids.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/AIDS/10/17/doctors.aids.ap/index.html

The government approved Tuesday a new easier-to-use version of a standard AIDS drug that may ease patient complaints that the medicine is too hard to swallow.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/AIDS/10/31/aids.drug.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/AIDS/10/31/aids.drug.ap/index.html

The Food and Drug Administration approved a new form of birth control Thursday -- a monthly shot to prevent pregnancy.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/06/birth.control.shot.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/women/10/06/birth.control.shot.ap/index.html

A device that uses shock waves to treat chronic heel pain won Food and Drug Administration approval Thursday.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/13/fda.shockwaves.ap/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/13/fda.shockwaves.ap/index.html

Delays in delivery of flu vaccine are beginning to cost more than a little inconvenience in the United States. Now, it's costing money, too.
http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/30/vaccine.price/index.html

http://www.cnn.com/2000/HEALTH/10/30/vaccine.price/index.html

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Wikipedia-Article "Health"

For the science of human and animal health, see Health science.

Defined negatively, health is the absence of illness, functionally, as the ability to cope with everyday activities, or positively, as fitness and well-being. In any organism, health is a form of homeostasis. This is a state of balance, with inputs and outputs of energy and matter in equilibrium (allowing for growth). Health also implies good prospects for continued survival. In sentient creatures such as humans, health is a broader concept.

Many definitions of health have been offered from time to time. Webster's Dictionary defines health as "the condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit, especially freedom from physical disease or pain". The Oxford English Dictionary defines health as "soundness of body or mind; that condition in which its functions are duly and efficiently discharged". Dubos (1968) defined health as " a modus vivendi enabling imperfect men to achieve a rewarding and not-too-painful existance while they cope with an imperfect world".

However, the most widely accepted definition is that of the World Health Organization Constitution. It states that "health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (World Health Organization, 1946). In more recent years, this statement has been amplified to include the ability to lead a "socially and economically productive life". The WHO definition is not without criticism, mainly that it is too broad. Some argue that health cannot be defined as a state at all, but must be seen as a process of continuous adjustment to the changing demands of living and of the changing meanings we give to life. It is a dynamic concept. the WHO definition is therefore considered by many as an idealistic goal rather than a realistic proposition. Using the WHO definition classifies 70-95% of people as unhealthy. In spite of the above limitations, the concept of health as defined by WHO is broad and positive in its implications. It sets out a high standard for positive health. It represents the overall goal that nations should strive to reach.

The most solid aspects of wellness that fit firmly in the realm of medicine are the environmental health, nutrition, disease prevention, and public health matters that can be investigated and assist in measuring well-being.

See also

Notes and references

External links

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