Rebel
Webpages concerning "Rebel"
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Wikipedia-Article "Rebel"
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For the Japanese film, see Rebellion (film)
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For the Danish youth organization, see Rebel (Denmark)
A rebellion is, in the most general sense, a refusal to accept authority. It may therefore be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors from civil disobedience to a violent organized attempt to destroy established authority. It is often used in reference to armed resistance against an established government, but can also refer to mass nonviolent resistance movements. Those who participate in rebellions are known as "rebels".
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Overview
Throughout history many different groups that used violent methods were called rebels. In the U.S, the term was used for the Continentals by the British in the Revolutionary War and the Confederacy by the Union in the American Civil War. It also includes members of paramilitary forces who take up arms against an established government.
For example, the Boxer rebellion was an uprising against Western commercial and political influence in China during the final years of the 19th century, and the Jacobite Risings which attempted to restore the deposed Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland were called the Jacobite Rebellions by the government.
Types of rebellion
A violent rebellion is sometimes referred to as an insurgency while a larger one may escalate into a civil war. There are a number of terms that fall under the umbrella of "rebel", though they range from those with positive connotations to those that are considered pejorative. Examples, in rough order from complimentary to pejorative, are:
- "Nonviolent resistance" or "civil disobedience"
- "Resistance" carried out by freedom fighters, often to an occupying invader
- "Revolution" by revolutionaries, often meant to indicate a desired change in the form of government and/or economic system
- "Uprising"
- "Insurrection" by insurrectionists
- "Insurgency" by insurgents
- "Revolt" by militants
- "Mutiny" by mutineers, normally of military or security forces to commanders
- "Subversion" by subversives
Famous rebellions / uprisings in history
Famous rebels
- Jesus of Nazareth
- Francis of Assisi
- Martin Luther
- Martin Luther King
- Maccabees
- Bhagat Singh
- Bohdan Chmielnicki
- James Connolly
- Michael Davitt
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Che Guevara
- Ammon Hennacy
- Helgi Hóseasson
- John O'Mahoney
- Rani Lakshmi Bai
- Subcomandante Marcos
- Francis Meagher
- Tipu Sultan
- John Mitchel
- Emelyan Pugachov
- Stenka Razin
- William Smith O'Brien
- Subash Chandra Bose
- Spartacus
- Leo Tolstoy
- Leon Trotsky
- Jack Cade
- Owen Glendower
- Emiliano Zapata
- Robert E Lee
- Stonewall Jackson
- George Washington
- Pancho Villa
- Zapata
See also
- Christian anarchism
- Civil disobedience
- Nonviolent resistance
- Revolution
- American Slave rebellions (Nat Turner's rebellion, Stono Rebellion, et cetera)
- Polish uprisings
- Rokosz, a legal rebellion in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
- The Open Source Movement has been called a "rebellion" against closed source software and intellectual capitalism.
- Intifada
Fictional rebellions
External links
- The 1837-1838 Rebellion in Lower Canada, Images from the McCord Museum's collections