Willys
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Wikipedia-Article "Willys"
Willys (pronounced "WILL-iss") was the brand name used by the United States automobile company Willys-Overland Motors, best known for its production of military and civilian Jeeps, during the last century.
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History
In 1908, John North Willys bought the Overland Automotive Division of Standard Wheel Company and in 1912 renamed it Willys-Overland Motor Company. From 1912 to 1918 Willys was the second largest producer of automobiles in the United States behind only Ford Motor Company.
The Electric Auto-Lite Company was acquired by John Willys in 1914 and he changed its name to the Willys Corporation in 1917. This became the holding company for Willys-Overland and in 1919, acquired Duesenberg Motors Corporation. In 1936 Willis-Overland Motor Company was reorganized as Willys-Overland Motors. In the 1920s and 1930s, Willys was an unremarkable automaker based in Toledo, Ohio, one of dozens in the U.S. It was one of several bidders when the Department of the Army sought an automaker who could begin rapid production of a lightweight truck based on a prototype designed by American Bantam.
Production of the Willys MB began in 1941 with 8,598 units produced that year, and 359,851 units were produced before production stopped at the conclusion of World War II. The origin of the name "Jeep" has been debated for many years. Some people believe "Jeep" is a phonetic pronunciation of the abbreviation GP, from "General Purpose", that was used as part of the official Army nomenclature. The first documented use of the word "Jeep" was as the name of a charcter in the Popeye cartoon, known for his supernatural abilities (e.g., to walk up walls). It was also the name of a small tractor made by Modine before WW2. Whatever the source, the name stuck and, after the war, Willys filed a trademark claim for the name.
Willys switched production to a civilian version, called a CJ-2A, at the end of the war. The CJ-2A was an MB stripped of obviously military features, particularly the blackout lighting, and with the addition of a tailgate.
Willys struggled to find a market for the unusual vehicle, and made an effort to sell it as an alternative to the farm tractor. Tractors were in short supply having been out of production during the war. Despite this, sales of the "agri-Jeep" never took off, mainly because it was too light to provide adequate draft.
However, the CJ-2A was among the first vehicles of any kind to be equipped with four wheel drive from the factory. It gained popularity among farmers, ranchers, hunters, and others who needed a lightweight vehicle for use on unimproved roads and trails.
In 1946, a year after the introduction of the CJ-2A, Willys produced the Willys "Jeep" Utility Wagon based on the same engine and transmission, with clear styling influence from the CJ-2A Jeep. The next year came a "Jeep" Utility Truck with four wheel drive. In 1948, the Wagon was available in four wheel drive, making it the ancestor of all Sport Utility Vehicles.
Willys later produced the M38 Jeep for the U.S. Army, and continued the CJ series of civilian Jeeps.
In 1953 Kaiser Motors purchased Willys-Overland and changed the name to Willys Motor Company. (Ironically, DaimlerChrysler would appropriate the Overland nameplate as a trim package with the 2002-present Jeep Grand Cherokee.) The company changed name again in 1963 to Kaiser-Jeep Corporation. The use of the Willys name was discontinued in 1965. The company was sold to American Motors Corporation (AMC) in 1970 when Kaiser Industries decided to leave the automobile business. After the sale, AMC used engines it had developed for its other cars in the Jeep products to improve performance and standardize production and servicing.
Renault purchased a major stake in AMC in 1980 and took over operation of the company, producing the CJ series until 1986. Chrysler purchased AMC in 1987 after the CJ had been replaced with the Jeep Wrangler, which had little in common with the CJ series other than outward appearance. DaimlerChrysler still produces Jeep vehicles at the Toledo Complex.
List of Willys vehicles
Willys cars
- Willys Bermuda (at least in 1955)
- Willys 77 (1933-1936)
- Willys Four
- Willys Six
- Willys Eight
- Willys Knight (1914-1933)
- Willys Americar
- also many early cars with model numbers
Overland
- Overland Whippet (1926-1931)
- Overland Four
- Overland Six
- Overland 93
- Overland 39
- also many early cars with model numbers
Aero-Willys
- Aero-Willys JT (1951)
- Aero-Willys Wing (1952)
- Aero-Willys Scout (1953)
- Aero-Willys Lark (1952-1954)
- Aero-Willys Ace (1952 -1954)
- Aero-Willys Falcon (1953)
- Aero-Willys Eagle (1952-1954)
- Aero-Willys 2600 (1960-1972) or Ford Aero (1955-1975) (Brazil)
Willys-Overland
- Willys Dauphine (1959-1968), licensed from Renault (Brazil)
- Willys Gordini (1959-1968), licensed from Renault (Brazil)
- Willys Itamaraty (Brazil)
- Willys Interlagos (1962-1967), licensed from Renault. 1500 produced. (Brazil)
- Willys Executive limousine (Brazil)
- Willys-Overland Crossley (United Kingdom)
Jeeps
- Willys MB (1941-1946)
- Willys CJ2A (1946-1953)
- Willys Jeep Wagon (1946 - 1965) 300,000 produced.
- Willys CJ3A (1946 - 1953) 132,000 are produced.
- Willys Jeep Truck (1947 - 1965) 200,000 are produced..
- Willys Jeepster (1948 - 1950) 19,000 are produced.
- Willys M38 (1951 - 1971)
- Willys CJ3B (1952 - 1968) 155,000 are produced.
- Willys Jeep CJ5 later Jeep CJ5 (1954 - 1983) 600,000 are produced.
- Rural Jeep (1958-1967) (Brazil)
Later models were not produced with the Willys name. It was phased out by American Motors, which was itself discontinued by Chrysler. The Jeep name still survives.