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This article is about the English county. For other uses see Cheshire (disambiguation)

Cheshire

Geography
Status	Ceremonial & (smaller) Non-metropolitan county
Region	North West England
Area - Total - Admin. council - Admin. area	Ranked 25th 2,343 km² Ranked 25th 2,083 km²
Admin HQ	Chester
ISO 3166-2	GB-CHS
ONS code	13
NUTS 3	UKD22
Demographics
Population - Total (2004 est.) - Density - Admin. council - Admin. pop.	Ranked 18th 992,600 424 / km² Ranked 14th 680,000
Ethnicity	98.3% White
Politics
Cheshire County Council http://www.cheshire.gov.uk/
Executive	Conservative
Members of Parliament	Gwyneth Dunwoody Mike Hall Helen Jones Andrew Miller Stephen O'Brien George Osborne Christine Russell Helen Southworth Derek Twigg Ann Winterton Nicholas Winterton
Districts
Ellesmere Port and Neston Chester Crewe and Nantwich Congleton Macclesfield Vale Royal Halton (Unitary) Warrington (Unitary)

Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a palatine county in North West England. Its county town is the city of Chester. It borders the ceremonial counties of Merseyside, Greater Manchester, Derbyshire, Staffordshire (with Stoke-on-Trent), and Shropshire. It also borders the current unitary authorities of Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales.

Some northern parts of the county are effectively suburbs of Manchester or Liverpool, and many of those who work in these cities commute from other parts of the county.

Cheshire's largest town is Warrington, however the administrative centre for Cheshire is Chester, the historical county town. Other important towns in Cheshire are: Northwich, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Macclesfield, Runcorn and Widnes. Warrington and Halton (including Widnes and Runcorn) are unitary authorities.

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Famous products 4 Famous people 5 Settlements 6 Places of interest 7 External links

History

Main article: History of Cheshire.

Cheshire in the Domesday Book was recorded as a much larger county than it is today. Its northern border was the River Ribble, and it was recorded with eighteen hundreds, six of which were north of the River Mersey.

In 1182 the land north of the Mersey became administered as part of the new county of Lancashire instead. Later, the hundreds of Atiscross and Exestan became part of Wales. Over the years the ten hundreds consolidated to just seven — Broxton, Bucklow, Eddisbury, Macclesfield, Nantwich, Northwich, and Wirral.

In a local government reform in 1974, some areas near the border with Lancashire became part of the new metropolitan counties of Greater Manchester and Merseyside, notably Stockport, and much of the Wirral Peninsula was also lost, as was the North-Eastern tip, comprising the areas of Woodhead and Tintwistle, which transferred into Derbyshire. Also at this time, Cheshire regained Warrington and the surrounding district from Lancashire, as well as Widnes.

Halton and Warrington became unitary authorities independent of Cheshire on April 1, 1998, but remain part of the county for ceremonial purposes, as well as fire and policing. A referendum for a further local government reform connected with a regional assembly was planned for 2004, but was abandoned (see Northern England referendum, 2004).

Geography

Cheshire covers a boulder clay plain separating the hills of North Wales and the Peak District of Derbyshire. This was formed following the retreat of ice age glaciers which left the area dotted with kettle holes, locally referred to as meres. The bedrock of this region is almost entirely Triassic sandstone, outcrops of which have long been quarried, notably at Runcorn, providing the distinctive red stone for Liverpool Cathedral and Chester Cathedral.

The eastern half of the county is Upper Triassic Mercia mudstone laid down with large salt deposits which were mined for hundreds of years around Northwich. Separating this area from Lower Triassic Sherwood sandstone to the west is a prominent Sandstone Ridge. A 51km footpath follows this ridge from Frodsham to Whitchurch passing Delamere Forest, Beeston Castle and earlier iron age forts.

Cheshire is a mainly rural county with a high concentration of villages. Agriculture is generally based around the dairy trade and cattle is the predominant livestock. Most of the industry is in the North adjacent to the Mersey, notably the centre of the British chemical industry, including ICI at Runcorn (originally sited here because of the proximity of salt mines). Crewe was once the centre of the British railway industry and remains a major junction. Towns in the east of Cheshire form Manchester's most affluent commuter belt with some of the UK's highest property prices outside the Home Counties. Cheshire is rich in canals, particularly the east of the county with its strategic importance between Manchester, Stoke and Birmingham. The Rochdale, Ashton, Peak Forest, Macclesfield, Trent and Mersey and Bridgewater canals have been restored for leisure use, forming the "Cheshire Ring".

Famous products

• Cheshire cheese
• Salt

Famous people

• the singer Tim Burgess from the Charlatans
• Lewis Carroll was born and raised here, hence the Cheshire cat
• Actor and singer Tim Curry was born in Warrington
• Thomas Egerton, 1st Baron Ellesmere was born in Ellesmere
• Writer Alan Garner
• Victorian novelist Elizabeth Gaskell was brought up in the town of Knutsford, which she depicted in her book, Cranford
• Gerald Grosvenor, 6th Duke of Westminster, one of the UK's wealthiest residents lives at Eaton Hall near Chester
• Emma Hamilton (Lady Hamilton) was born in the county
• George Mallory born in Mobberley, Cheshire, famous mountaineer, died in 1924 climbing Mt. Everest

Settlements

This is a list of the major towns and cities in Cheshire, for a full list of settlements see list of places in Cheshire.

Alderley Edge Alsager Bollington Chester Congleton Crewe Ellesmere Port Frodsham Knutsford Macclesfield Middlewich

Nantwich Neston Northwich Runcorn Sandbach Warrington Wilmslow Widnes Winsford

Places of interest

(in alphabetical order)

• Adlington Hall
• Anderton Boat Lift
• Arley Hall
• Beeston Castle
• Biddulph Valley Way, a long distance footpath
• Capesthorne Hall
• Cholmondley Castle
• Dunham Massey
• Ellesmere Port Boat Museum
• Elton Hall, Aldford
• Gawsworth Hall
• Holt Castle
• Jodrell Bank Science Centre
• Lyme Hall, Lyme Park, one of the locations for BBC's Pride and Prejudice
• Lion Salt Works, Marston, an industrial museum
• Little Moreton Hall
• Macclesfield Canal
• Macclesfield Forest
• Moss Hall, Audlem
• Ness Botanic Gardens
• Parkgate
• Peckforton Castle
• Peover Hall
• River Weaver, River Dee, River Dane, River Bollin, River Goyt, River Gowy
• Quarry Bank Mill, Styal, an industrial museum
• Sandbach Crosses
• Shropshire Union Canal
• Swettenham Meadows
• Tabley House
• Tatton Hall, Tatton Park
• Tegg's Nose Country Park
• Trent and Mersey Canal
• Watermills: Bunbury Mill, Nether Alderley Mill, Quarry Bank Mill, Stretton Mill

External links

• Cheshire Council
• Cheshire Wildlife Trust
• Lion Salt Works Museum
• Cheshire Canals

United Kingdom | England | Ceremonial counties of England

Counties of the Lieutenancies Act 1997 Bedfordshire | Berkshire | City of Bristol | Buckinghamshire | Cambridgeshire | Cheshire | Cornwall | Cumbria | Derbyshire | Devon | Dorset | Durham | East Riding of Yorkshire | East Sussex | Essex | Gloucestershire | Greater London | Greater Manchester | Hampshire | Herefordshire | Hertfordshire | Isle of Wight | Kent | Lancashire | Leicestershire | Lincolnshire | City of London | Merseyside | Norfolk | Northamptonshire | Northumberland | North Yorkshire | Nottinghamshire | Oxfordshire | Rutland | Shropshire | Somerset | South Yorkshire | Staffordshire | Suffolk | Surrey | Tyne and Wear | Warwickshire | West Midlands | West Sussex | West Yorkshire | Wiltshire | Worcestershire

United Kingdom | England | Traditional counties of England

Counties which originate prior to 1889 Bedfordshire | Berkshire | Buckinghamshire | Cambridgeshire | Cheshire | Cornwall | Cumberland | Derbyshire | Devon | Dorset | Durham | Essex | Gloucestershire | Hampshire | Herefordshire | Hertfordshire | Huntingdonshire | Kent | Lancashire | Leicestershire | Lincolnshire | Middlesex | Norfolk | Northamptonshire | Northumberland | Nottinghamshire | Oxfordshire | Rutland | Shropshire | Somerset | Staffordshire | Suffolk | Surrey | Sussex | Warwickshire | Westmorland | Wiltshire | Worcestershire | Yorkshire

Districts of North West England
Allerdale | Barrow-in-Furness | Blackburn with Darwen | Blackpool | Bolton | Burnley | Bury | Carlisle | Chester | Chorley | Congleton | Copeland | Crewe and Nantwich | Eden | Ellesmere Port and Neston | Fylde | Halton | Hyndburn | Knowsley | Lancaster | Liverpool | Macclesfield | Manchester | Oldham | Pendle | Preston | Ribble Valley | Rochdale | Rossendale | St Helens | Salford | Sefton | South Lakeland | South Ribble | Stockport | Tameside | Trafford | Vale Royal | Warrington | West Lancashire | Wigan | Wirral | Wyre
Counties with multiple districts: Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside

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