Cebuano
Webpages concerning "Cebuano"
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Wikipedia-Article "Cebuano"
| Cebuano (Sugbuanon) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Philippines | |
| Region: | Central Visayas and northern and western Mindanao | |
| Total speakers: | first language: 18 million second language: 10 million (est.) |
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| Ranking: | 62 | |
| Genetic classification: | Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Western Malayo-Polynesian Central Philippine Visayan Cebuano |
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| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | — | |
| ISO 639-2: | ceb | |
| ISO/DIS 639-3: | ceb | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Cebuano, also known as Sugbuanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 18,000,000 people and is a subgroup or member of Bisaya, Visayan and Binisayâ. The name came from the Philippine island of Cebu, with the Spanish suffix -ano meaning native, of a place, added at the end. Cebuano is given the ISO 639-2 three letter code ceb, but has no ISO 639-1 two letter code.
Cebuano is a member of the Visayan language family.
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Geographic distribution
Cebuano is spoken natively by the inhabitants of Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental and the people in western Leyte province and northern Mindanao. It is also spoken in a few towns and islands in Samar. Until the 1980's, Cebuano surpassed Tagalog in terms of number of native speakers. Some dialects of Cebuano give different names to their languages. Residents of Bohol may refer to their language as Bol-anon while Cebuano-speakers in Leyte may call their dialect Kana. Cebuano is a language with Verb Subject Object sentence order. It uses prepositions rather than postpositions. Nouns come after adjectives, but before genitives or relative phrases.
Sounds
Cebuano has sixteen consonants: p, t, k, ? (the glottal stop), b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are three vowels: i, a, and u/o. The vowels u and o are allophones, with u always being used when it is the beginning of a syllable, and o always used when it ends a syllable. Accent is also a distinguisher of words, so that dápit means "to invite", while dapít means "place".
Grammar
Pronouns
Nouns in Cebuano are inflected for person, number, and case, with inclusive and exclusive "we" distinguished. The four cases are nominative, preposed genitive, postposed genitive, and oblique.
| Absolutive | Ergative1 (Postposed) |
Ergative2 (Preposed) |
Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ako, ko | nako, ko | akong | kanako, nako |
| 2nd person singular | ikaw, ka | nimo, mo | imong | kanimo, nimo |
| 3rd person singular | siya | niya | iyang | kaniya, niya |
| 1st person plural inclusive | kita, ta | nato | atong | kanato, nato |
| 1st person plural exclusive | kami, mi | namo | among | kanamo, namo |
| 2nd person plural | kamo, mo | ninyo | inyong | kaninyo, ninyo |
| 3rd person plural | sila | nila | ilang | kanila, nila |
Vocabulary and borrowed words
Cebuano has long borrowed words from Spanish, such as krus [cruz] (cross) and brilyante [brillante] (brilliant). It has several hundred loan words from English as well, which are altered to conform to the limited phonemic inventory of Cebuano: brislit (bracelet), hayskul (high school), syapin (shopping), dikstrus (dextrose), sipir (zipper), bigsyat (big shot), or prayd tsikin (fried chicken).
Recognition of Cebuano
The use of Tagalog language as a basis for Pilipino drew criticism from other Philippine linguistic groups. To some extent, there was active resistance shown against its usage. For instance, in the eighties, after an attempt by the Central Government to enforce the use of Tagalog as the language of instruction in all public schools, the governor of Cebu initiated the singing of the Philippine national anthem in Cebuano rather that in Pilipino (Tagalog) in the island province of Cebu. This resistance was not intended to undermine the country's national unity. On the part of the Cebuanos, it was mostly a protest against "imperial Manila" and a clamor for linguistic and regional recognition.
The Cebuano desire for special recognition finds support from the following arguments:
- Historically, Cebu is the first and oldest City in the Philippines. Long before Manila fell into the hands of the Spanish Conquerors in the 16th century, Cebu was already an established trading and military post for the Spaniards. It was the ancient trading hub with the Arabs and the Chinese. It was the first city established by Legaspi.
- Linguistically, Cebuano is recently, the country's second most widely used language. During the independence, it was the first largest linguistic group. Cebuano, though originally spoken only in the island of Cebu, is now being spoken in many parts of Mindanao, the eastern part of Negros island, and Bohol.
- Strategically and commercially, due to its geographical location, Cebu is the alternate gateway to Manila adding significance to its language. Cebuano is the native language of more regions than Tagalog, being the language with the most native speakers in Region VII (Central Visayas), Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula), Region X (Northern Mindanao), Region XI (Davao Region), Caraga Region, and Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN). There are also significant number of speakers in Region VI (Western Visayas, mostly in San Carlos City and neighboring areas) and Region VIII (Eastern Visayas, mostly in western Leyte and Southern Leyte). By comparison, Tagalog is the language of the majority in the NCR, Region IV-A, Region IV-B, and Region III (Central Luzon, where Kapampangan and Ilocano also dominate some areas).
- Politically, since the colonial days of the Spanish and Americans, the Cebuanos have always resented "arrogance" from Manila. In the Marcos years, Cebu, with the exception of Durano-held Danao, was regarded as a staunch center of opposition.
Words and phrases
Numbers
- 1 usá
- 2 duhá
- 3 tulú
- 4 upát
- 5 limá
- 6 unúm
- 7 pitú
- 8 walú
- 9 siyám
- 10 napúlu
- 11 napúlu'g usá (i.e., napúlu UG usá or ten AND one.)
- 12 napúlu'g duhá
...
However, Spanish is more commonly used for numbers above 10
- 11 onse
- 12 dose
...
- 20 kawha-an (baynte)
- 21 kawha-a'g usá (baynte'y uno)
...
- 30 katlo-an (traynta)
- 31 katlo-a'g usá (traynta'y uno)
...
- 40 kap-atan/kap'atan (kwarenta)
- 41 kap-ata'g usá/kap'ata'g usá (kwarenta'y uno)
...
- 50 kalimaan/kalim'an (singkwenta)
- 51 kalimaa'g usá/kalim'a'g usá (singkwenta'y uno)
...
- 60 kaunuman/kan'uman (saysenta)
- 61 kaunuma'g usá/kan'uma'g usá (saysenta'y uno)
...
- 70 kapitu-an (sitenta)
- 71 kapitu-a'g usá (sitenta'y uno)
...
- 80 kawalo-an (otsenta)
- 81 kawalo-a'g usá (otsenta'y uno)
...
- 90 kasiyaman (nobenta)
- 91 kasiyama'g usá (nobenta'y uno)
...
- 100 usá ka gatos
- 101 usá ka gatos ug usá
...
- 1,000 usá ka libo
- 1,000,000 usa ka libo ka libo/ usa ka milyon
Common expressions
- I am Arnel Abregana Ako si Arnel Abregana
- May I ask a question? Mahimo bang mangutana? Puwede 'ko mangutana?
- How are you? Kumusta ka?
- Good day! Maayong adlaw!
- Good Morning! Maayong buntag!
- Good Noon! Maayong udto!
- Good Afternoon! Maayong hapon!
- Good Evening! Maayong gabi-i!
- Where do you live? Asa ka nagpuyô?
- Where are you from? Taga-asa ka?
- Where are you going? Asa ka padulong?
- Where is the bathroom? Asa man ang CR(banyo)?
- Where is your bathroom? Asa man ang CR(banyo) 'ninyo?
- What is your name? Unsay ngalan nimo? Unsay imong ngalan?
- Where is the market? Asa man ang tiyangge? Asa man ang merkado?
- I would like to buy that. Gusto ko mopalit ana.
- I would like two of those. Gusto ko ug duha ana.
- Hello, my name is Arnel. Kumusta, Arnel akong ngalan., or coloquially, Ako si Arnel.
- Shut up Hilom!"
- Help! Tabang!
- Wait a minute "Kadiyot lang"
- What time is it? "Unsa na'y oras?"
- I love you "Gihigugma ko ikaw"
- Take care Pag-amping! Pag-ayo-ayo!
- Take that! (slang) Usapa 'na! (means "Chew it!")
See also
External links
- Ethnologue report for Cebuano
- Banat News Cebu's First Tabloid
- Sun Star Cebu News
- Bansa.org Cebuano Dictionary
- Cebuano English Dictionary from Webster's Online Dictionary - the Rosetta Edition
- Richard Tschumpel's German-Tagalog-Cebuano-English Dictionary
- Mga Panid sa Kagawasan(Cebuano Writings)
- Some Miscellaneous Cebuano Resources
- A short list of popular Cebuano words
- Another short list of popular Cebuano words and phrases
- Links to various free Bibles (ebook and otherwise) published in Cebuano
- Learning Conversational Cebuano
- Another on-line English Cebuano dictionary
- Arangkada Wiki
- ABS-CBN News