Area Codes
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Wikipedia-Article "Area Codes"
A telephone numbering plan is a system that allows subscribers to make and receive telephone calls across long distances.
The area code is that part of the telephone number that specifies a telephone exchange system. Telephone numbering plans assign area codes to exchanges, so that dialers may contact telephones outside their local system. Normally occurring at the beginning of the number, area codes usually indicate geographical areas. Together, numbering plans and their component area codes direct telephone calls to particular regions on a public switched telephone network (PSTN), where they are further routed by the local network.
Callers within the geographical area of a given area code usually do not need to include this particular area code in the number dialed, thereby giving the caller shorter local telephone numbers. In international phone numbers, the area code directly follows the country calling code.
Although the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has attempted to promote common standards among nation states, numbering plans take different formats in different parts of the world. For example, the ITU recommends that member states adopt 00 as their international access code. However, as these recommendations are not binding on member states, some have not, such as the United States, Canada, and other countries and territories participating in the North American Numbering Plan.
The international numbering plan establishes country codes, that is, area codes that denote nations or groups of nations. The E.164 standard regulates country codes at the international level and sets a maximum length limit on a full international phone number. However, it is each country's responsibility to define the numbering within its own network. As a result, regional area codes may have:
- A fixed length, e.g. 3 digits in the United States and Canada; 1 digit in Australia.
- A variable length, e.g. between 2 and 5 in Germany and in Austria; between 1 and 3 in Japan; 1 or 2 in Israel.
- Or be incorporated into the subscriber's number, as is the case in many countries, such as Spain or Norway. This is known as a "closed" telephone numbering plan. In some cases a trunk code (usually 0) must still be dialled, as in Belgium, Switzerland and South Africa.
In many cases the area codes determine the rate, or price, of a call. Calls within an area are normally charged at a lower rate than outside the area. There are many exceptions, however. In a densely populated area in the United States, a call to a different area code may well be a local call. And in Israel, calls are charged at the same rate regardless of area. In North America calls to the 800, 888, 877, and 866, the "toll free" area codes, are free to the caller, with the receiving party paying the charges. On the other hand, calls to the 900 area code incur a special charge collected by the phone company on behalf of the receiving party. Such 900 numbers are usually used as a fee-based method of providing information or entertainment to the caller.
Open dialing plans
An open dialing plan is one in which there are different dialing arrangements for local and long distance telephone calls. This means that to call another number within the same city or area, callers need only dial the number, but for calls outside the area, an area code is required. The area code is prefixed by a trunk code (usually "0"), which is omitted when calling from outside the country. To call a number in Amsterdam in the Netherlands for example:
xxx xxxx (within Amsterdam- no area code required) (020) xxx xxxx (outside Amsterdam) +31 20 xxx xxxx (outside the Netherlands)
In the United States, Canada, and other countries or territories using the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), the trunk code is '1', which is also (by coincidence) the country calling code. To call a number in San Francisco, the dialing procedure will vary:
xxx xxxx (local calls, no area code required) 1 415 xxx xxxx (outside San Francisco) 415 xxx xxxx (mobile phones within NANP) +1 415 xxx xxxx (outside NANP)
However, in parts of North America, especially where a new area code overlays an older area code, dialing 1 + area code is now required even for local calls, which means that the NANP is now closed in certain areas and open in others. Dialing from mobile phones is different in that the area code is always necessary, but not the trunk code; this is true regardless of the phone's area code. (Most mobile phones today can be programmed to automatically append a frequently-called area code as a prefix, allowing calls within the desired area to be dialed by the user as seven-digit numbers, though sent by the phone as 10-digit numbers.)
Open and closed dialing plan should not be confused with open and closed numbering plans. A closed numbering plan, such as found in North America, features fixed length area codes and local numbers. An open numbering plan, as found in assorted countries that have not yet standardized, features variance in length of area code or local number, or both. Closed dialing plans are rare where numbering plans are open.
Closed dialing plans
A closed numbering plan is one in which the subscriber's number is a standard length, and a closed dialing plan is one in which the subscriber's number is used for all calls, even in the same area. This has traditionally been the case in small countries and territories where area codes have not been required. However, there has been a trend in many countries towards making all numbers a standard length, and incorporating the area code into the subscriber's number. This usually makes the use of a trunk code obsolete. For example, to call Oslo in Norway before 1992, one would dial:
xxx xxx (within Oslo - no area code required) (02) xxx xxx (within Norway - outside Oslo) +47 2 xxx xxx (outside Norway)
After 1992, this changed to a closed eight-digit numbering plan, eg:
22xx xxxx (within Norway - including Oslo) +47 22xx xxxx (outside Norway)
In other countries, such as France, Belgium, Switzerland, and South Africa, the trunk code is retained for domestic calls, whether local or national, eg:
Paris 01 xxxx xxxx (outside France +33 1 xxxx xxxx) Brussels 02 xxx xxxx (outside Belgium +32 2 xxx xxxx) Geneva 022 xxx xxxx (outside Switzerland +41 22 xxx xxxx) Cape Town 021 xxx xxxx (outside South Africa +27 21 xxx xxxx)
While the use of full national dialing is less user-friendly than only using a local number without the area code, the increased use of mobile phones, which require full national dialing and can store numbers, means that this is of decreasing importance. It also makes easier to display numbers in the international format, as no trunk code is required- hence a number in Prague Czech Republic can now be displayed as:
+420 2 xxxx xxxx formerly: 02 xxxx xxxx (inside Czech Republic) +420 2 xxxx xxxx (outside Czech Republic)
Numbering plans by country
Argentina
Main article: Argentine telephone numbering plan
Country Code: 54
Australia
Main article: Australian telephone numbering plan
Country Code: 61
Telephone numbers in Australia consist of a single digit area code and eight-digit local numbers, the first four of which generally specify the exchange, and the final four a line at that exchange. (Most exchanges though have several four-digit exchange codes.)
Australia is divided geographically into a few large area codes, some of which cover more than one state and territory. Prior to the introduction of eight-digit numbers in the early to mid-1990s, telephone numbers were seven digits in the major capital cities, with a single-digit area code, and six digits in other areas with a two-digit area code. There were more than sixty such codes by 1990, with numbers running out, thus spurring the reorganization.
Following reorganisation of the numbering plan between 1996 and 1998, the following numbering ranges are now used:
02 New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory
03 Victoria and Tasmania
04 Mobile phone services
07 Queensland
08 Northern Teritory, South Australia and Western Australia (including
Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands).
The system is not perfect; the codes do not strictly follow state borders. For example, Broken Hill in New South Wales is in the 08 area code, due to its previous area code of 080.
The main international prefix is 0011. 000 is the emergency telephone number in Australia, but the internationally accepted GSM mobile emergency telephone number 112 also works on mobile phones.
Telephone numbers within Australia are allocated by the Australian Communications Authority.
Austria
Main article: Area codes in Austria
Country Code: 43
Brazil
Country Code: 55
In Brazil, long distance and international dialling requires the use of carrier selection codes, after the trunk code or international access code.
For example, to call Rio de Janeiro from another city in Brazil, one would dial the trunk code '0', a two-digit code, the area code '21' and the subscriber's number. Consequently, a Rio de Janeiro number would be displayed in Brazil as
0xx21 nnnn nnnn.
A few areas use nnn-nnnn in lieu of nnnn nnnn, such as such as Natal (the area code for that state is '84', in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, in northeastern Brazil. However, this practice will be phased out in 2006.
xx is the two-digit Operator Code for long distance calls:
- 14 for Brasil Telecom
- 15 for Telefónica
- 21 for Embratel
- 23 for Intelig
- 31 for Telemar
and some others.
Outbound international dialing in Brazil
To call internationally from Brazil, one would dial the international access code and the two-digit code, followed by the country calling code, area code and number, hence for a number in Manhattan:
00 xx 1 212 xxx xxxx.
The current carriers (the two digits that should be dialled after the "0") are:
Embratel: 21 Intelig: 23 Telemar: 31 Brasil Telecom*: 14 Telefônica: 15 TIM**: 41 CTBC*: 12 GVT*: 25 Vesper São Paulo*: 89 Vesper Norte-Leste*: 85 Sercomtel*: 43
Those marked with an asterisk (*) are only available to certain areas. The ones with "**" are to be used with mobile phones only.
Area codes are distributed geographically. See List of Brazilian area codes.
A note about mobile telephony in Brazil
Mobile phone numbers are usually prefixed with the digit '7', '8' or '9'. '7' is used mainly for radiophone use (iDEN technology).
Numbers with an '8' are always GSM Mobiles, while '9' can be mostly analogue (AMPS), TDMA and CDMA mobiles. The prefix number in mobile telephony is related to the license the carrier has. On newer licenses, use of the '8' digit is mandatory, while the previously state-owned mobile operators always uses '9'(or '7', in some cases in São Paulo area). Some GSM mobiles can be prefixed with a '9' because the now privatized operators decided to overlay using this technology.
Mobile phone numbers generally have eight digits. Exceptions exist in Brasilia.
China
Country Code: 86
See China telephone numbering plan
For Hong Kong, see below.
Colombia
Country Code: 57
Main article: Colombian telephone numbering plan
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Country Code: 420
Following the break-up of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the successor states, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, continued to share the 42 country code, until 1997, with the Czech Republic adopting 420 and Slovakia adopting 421.
On September 22, 2002, the Czech Republic adopted a closed numbering plan, with nine-digit numbers used for local and national calls, and the dropping of the trunk code 0.
Before the change, the following arrangements would have been made for calls to Brno:
Local call: xxxx xxxx National call: (05) xxxx xxxx International call: +420 5 xxxx xxxx
After the change, the dialling arrangements were as follows:
Within Czech Republic: 5xx xxx xxx Outside Czech Republic: +420 5xx xxx xxx
In the case of mobile numbers, which had to be dialled in full, the only change was that the 0 was no longer used:
Within Czech Republic: 602 xxx xxx Outside Czech Republic: +420 602 xxx xxx
East Timor (Timor Leste)
Country Code: 670
Until September 1999, East Timor formed part of the Indonesian numbering plan, using the Country Code +62, followed by area codes for the two largest cities, Dili (390) and Baucau (399). Following the violence in the wake of Indonesia's departure from the territory, most of the telecommunications infrastructure was destroyed, and Telkom Indonesia withdrew its services from East Timor.
A new country code +670 was allocated to East Timor, but international access often remains severely limited. A complicating factor is the fact that 670 was previously used by the Northern Marianas, with many carriers not aware that the code is now used by East Timor. (The Northern Marianas, now part of the North American Numbering Plan, use the code 1 and the area code 670.)
East Timor now has a closed numbering plan; all subscribers' numbers are seven digits.
Telephone numbering in East Timor is as follows:
Mobile: 72X-YYYY Service Numbers: 721-XXXX Fixed: 32X-YYYY (numbering range in Dili) Government Departments: 333-YYYY Ambulance Service: 110 Fire Dept: 115 Emergency: 112 International access code: 00
Ecuador
Country Code: 593
Mobile: 9 Azuay: 7 Bolivar: 3 Canar: 7 Carchi: 6 Chimborazo: 3 Cotopaxi: 3 El Oro: 7 Esmeraldas: 6 Galapagos: 5 Guayas: 6 Imbabura: 6 Loja: 7 Los Rios: 5 Manabi: 5 Morona Santiago: 7 Napo: 6 Orellana: 6 Pastaza: 3 Pichincha: 2 Sucumbios: 6 Tungurahua: 3 Zabora Chinchipe: 7 Ambulance Service: 101 Fire Dept: 102 Emergency: 101 International access code: 00
European Union (1996 proposal)
Proposed Country Code: 3
In 1996, the European Commission proposed the introduction of a single telephone numbering plan, in which all European Union member states would use the code '3'. Calls between member states would no longer require the use of the international access code '00'. This proposal would have required countries like Germany, the United Kingdom, Denmark and others, whose country codes began with the digit '4', to return these to the International Telecommunication Union. For example, to call a number in Berlin, in Germany:
xxxx xxxx (within Berlin) 030 xxxx xxxx (within Germany) 1 4930 xxxx xxxx (within the EU) +3 49 30 xxxx xxxx (outside the EU)
Countries like Ireland, Portugal and Finland, which used codes in the '35x' range, would adopt a different format. For example, to call a number in Dublin, Ireland:
xxxx xxxx (within Dublin) 01 xxxx xxxx (within Ireland) 1 53 1 xxxx xxxx (within the EU) +3 53 1 xxxx xxxx (outside the EU)
A Green Paper on the proposal was published, but it was felt by many in the industry that the disruption and inconvenience of such a scheme would outweigh any advantages.
The EU proposal should not be confused with the European Telephony Numbering Space (ETNS) scheme, which uses the code +388, and is intended to complement, rather than replace, existing national numbering plans.
Finland
Country Code: 358
Finland's numbering plan was reorganised in 1996, with the number of area codes being reduced, and the trunk code being changed from 9 to 0. This meant that the area code for Helsinki also changed:
Before 1996: 90' xxx xxx within Finland +358 0 xxx xxx outside Finland
After 1996: 09' xxx xxx within Finland +358 9 xxx xxx outside Finland
The default international access code became 00, although other codes such as 999 are also still used.
France
Main article: French telephone numbering plan
Country Code: 33
In 1996, France changed to a ten-digit numbering scheme, as follows:
01 Paris 02 Northwest France 03 Northeast France 04 Southeast France 05 Southwest France 06 Mobile phone services 08 Freephone (numéro vert) and shared cost services. 08 70 7X XX XX now gives access to the new Free (Internet Provider) land lines.
Germany
- See also: Area codes in Germany
Country Code: +49 From the U.S. & Canada: 01149 - and from most other countries 0049
There are no standard lengths for either area codes or subscribers' numbers in Germany, meaning that some subscribers' numbers may be as short as three digits. Larger towns have shorter area codes permitting larger telephone numbers in that area. Some examples:
110 police 112 emergency operator 116116 block service (report loss of credit cards, SIM card etc.) 118xx directory assistance services 19222 medical emergency operator (only in some regions) 010xxx dial-around-services (alternative carrier) 011xx service numbers 012xx "innovative services", Unified Messaging & non-geographical VoIP 0137 televoting & tv call-in-shows 015x cell phone (not longer assignable to certain operator due to number portability) 016x pagers & cell phone (not longer assignable to certain operator due to number portability) 017x cell phone (not longer assignable to certain operator due to number portability) 018x premium rate (shared-cost-service numbers before - nowadays more expensive than national calls) 019x premium rate (migrating to 0900) & some dial-around-services 0209 Gelsenkirchen 0221 Köln/Cologne 0231 Dortmund 030 Berlin 0310 announcment of current carrier for long-distance calls 0311 announcment of current carrier for local calls 032x non-geographical VoIP 0341 Leipzig 040 Hamburg 0511 Hannover 0631 Kaiserslautern 069 Frankfurt 0700 lifetime personal numbers (non-geographical) 0711 Stuttgart 0800 toll free (within Germany) 089 München/Munich 0911 Nürnberg/Nuremburg 0900 premium rate 00800 toll free (international)
The default length for newly assigned numbers (area code without 0 + subscriber number) is 10 or 11 digits, but older shorter numbers will not be replaced, but not reassigned if given back. The Area Codes are, if not counting the national trunk prefix '0', from 2 Digits (only for Berlin +49 30, Hamburg +49 40, Frankfurt +49 69 and Munich +49 89).
Callers from the U.S. & Canada need to dial 01149 for Germany and the area code without the "0" prefix and then the local number, like 01149-69-123456789 (example).
Emergency numbers in Germany are 110 for police and 112 for fire and ambulance.
Greece
Country Code: 30
During 2001-2002, Greece moved to a closed ten-digit numbering scheme in two stages, with the result that subscribers' numbers changed twice. For example, before the change, a number in Athens would have been dialed as follows:
xxx xxxx (within Athens) (01) xxx xxxx (within Greece) +30 1 xxx xxxx (outside Greece)
In 2001, a '0' was added after the area code, which was incorporated into the subscriber's number:
010 xxx xxxx (within Greece, including Athens) +30 10 xxx xxxx (outside Greece)
Finally, in 2002, the leading '0' was changed to a '2' (for geographic numbers) :
210 xxx xxxx (within Greece, including Athens) +30 210 xxx xxxx (outside Greece)
Mobile phone numbers were similarly prefixed with the digit '6'.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
Country Code: 852
Main article: Hong Kong telephone numbering plan
India
Country Code: 91
Telephone numbering is a little different for Fixed and Mobile phones.
Fixed (landline) numbers
Fixed line telephones are operated by the government-owned incumbent operator BSNL, although some new fixed-wireless operators are in the picture since 2001.
Standard Trunk Dialling (STD) codes are assigned to each city/town/village, with the larger cities having shorter area codes (STD codes), the smallest being 2 digits. An STD Prefix of 0 is used to dial such a number. For example,
011 - New Delhi 022 - Mumbai 033 - Kolkata 044 - Chennai 020 - Pune
In addition, due to the availability of multiple operators offering fixed line services (either over wire or wireless), there is also an operator-code for each telephone number, namely:
2 - BSNL 3 - Reliance 5 - Tata Indicom
Thus, a number formatted as 020-30303030 means a fixed-line Reliance number in Pune, while 011-20000198 is a BSNL fixed line in Delhi and 033-55269320 is a Tata Indicom number in Kolkata.
A full list of area codes in India is available with BSNL
Cell phone numbers
Telecom Regulator TRAI has divided the country into various cellular zones such that within each zone, the call is treated as a local call, while across zones, it becomes a long-distance call. A cellular zone (or cellular circle) is normally the entire state, with a few exceptions like Mumbai (which is a different zone), Goa (the state, which is a part of the Maharashtra zone) or Uttar Pradesh (which is so big it was divided into multiple zones)
All mobile numbers in India have the prefix 9 (This includes pager services, but the use of pagers is on the decline). Each zone is allowed to have multiple private operators (earlier it was 2 private + BSNL, subsequently it was changed to 3 private + BSNL in GSM 900/1800, now it also includes 2 private + BSNL in CDMA). All cellphone numbers are 10 digits long, (normally) split up as OO-AA-NNNNNN where OO is the operator code, AA is the zone code assigned to the operator, and NNNNNN is the subscriber number.
The numbering plan is as follows:
92-yy-yyyyyy - Tata Indicom mobile phones. These do not seem to follow the OO-AA-NNNNNN system. 93-xx-yyyyyy - Reliance India Mobile. The two digit code XX identifies the cellular zone. 94-xx-yyyyyy - BSNL. The two digit code XX identifies the cellular zone. 98-xx-yyyyyy - All private (non government-owned) GSM operators. The two digit code XX identifies the operator as well as the cellular zone.
For a full list of cellphone numbering plans in India, refer to India Cellphone Numbering
International dialling
The international access code in India is 00. For example, to call 08-790-1000 in Sweden from India, a subscriber would dial:
00 46 8 7901000.
For calls to India from abroad, the appropriate international access code should be dialled, followed by 91 followed by the area code (without the 0) followed by the phone number. For example, to call 011-23456789 in India, from Europe, a subscriber would dial:
00 91 11 23456789
Ireland
Main article: Irish telephone numbering plan
Country Code: 353
Telephone numbers in Ireland are similar in format to those in the United Kingdom, with only the subscriber's number being required for local dialing. The trunk prefix is '0' followed by an area code, the first digit indicating the geographical area.
01 Dublin 02 Cork (021) and South 04 Drogheda (041) and East 05 Waterford (051) and South East 06 Limerick (061) and South West 07 Sligo (071) and North West 09 Galway (091) and West
Area codes have varied in length, between one and three digits, and subscribers' numbers between five and seven digits but there is now a migration to a standard format, as follows:
(0xx) xxx xxxx
Dublin numbers are currently seven digits, but may change to eight digits in the future, although breaking the city into separate area codes would match the rest of the national system.
The 08 numbering range was originally used for calls to Northern Ireland, but following the UK's renumbering of Northern Ireland in 2000, this changed, so to call a number in Belfast from the Republic:
Before 2000: (080) 1232 xxx xxx After 2000: (048) 90xx xxxx; or via the UK numbering plan; 00 44 28 90xx xxxx
The 03 numbering range was originally used for calls to Britain, but this was discontinued in 1992, when the international access code changed from 16 to 00.
Before 1992: 030 xxx xxx xxx After 1992: 00 44 xxx xxx xxx
The prefixes 151x, 1530, 1540, 1550, 1559, 1560, 1570 and 1580 are for premium rate Services which are more expensive than other telephone calls. These numbers provide a range of services from weather forecasting to adult dating. Regtel an independent body monitors the premium rate services industry.
Mobile phones use the prefixes 083, 085, 086 and 087. 088 was previously issued to the Eircell analogue service. While mobile numbers are portable between operators, all new numbers are issued in an operators own allocation - 083 for 3, 085 for Meteor Mobile Communications, 086 for O2 and 087 for Vodafone. Due to number portability, the full number must be dialled even if it has the same prefix as your own.
Freephone services use the prefix 1800, while shared cost (Lo-Call) numbers use the prefix 1850. 1890 and 0818 are issued to non-geographic services, which charge local call rates.
Dial-up Internet providers are entitled, but not required, to use numbers in the 189x range. 1891 numbers cost slightly below local call rate, and are often provided for entry-level dialup packages. 1892 numbers are used for full local rate dialup, and 1893 for FRIACO dialup.
A new area was introduced in 2005, using the 076 access code. This is allocated to VOIP providers, and is treated as either a national or local call by individual telecoms operators.
Italy
Country Code: 39
Italy changed to a closed numbering plan in 1998, with callers being told in to fissa il prefisso ("fix the prefix"). Unlike in other closed numbering plans the trunk code '0' was simply incorporated into subscribers' landline numbers; e.g. a number in Rome:
06 xxx xxxx (within Rome - after 1999) 06 xxx xxxx (within Italy) +39 06 xxx xxx (outside Italy - after 1998)
Calls to mobile phone numbers within Italy were also affected, deleting the previously used prefix '0' (as it was already happening for overseas callers); e.g. for Omnitel-Vodafone provider in Italy:
0347 xxx xxx (within Italy - before 1999) 347 xxx xxx (within Italy - after 1999) +39 347 xxx xxx (outside Italy)
Until 1996, San Marino was part of the Italian numbering plan, using the Italian area code 0549 but in that year it adopted its own international code 378. However,instead of using international dialing codes, dialling arrangements between San Marino and Italy continued as before. In 1998, San Marino incorporated the 0549 area code into its subscribers' numbers, following the Italian format:
0549 xxx xxx (San Marino from Italy) +378 0549 xxx xxx (San Marino from rest of the world) +39 0549 xxx xxx (San Marino via Italy)
Mobile phone number in Italy: without a zero, started with a 3.
3xx xxx xxx
Japan
Country Code: 81
Main article: Japanese telephone numbering plan
Malaysia
Country Code: 60
In 1999 Malaysia introduced eight-digit subscriber numbers in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The introduction of the new numbering plan was completed in 2001.
012: Maxis (mobile) 013: Telekom Malaysia (TM) (mobile) 016: Digi (mobile) 017: Maxis (mobile) 019: Celcom (mobile) 03: Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 03 2020 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2026 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2031-2032 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2034 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2050 xxxx: Damansara, KL Sentral 03 2051 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2052 xxxx: Damansara, KL Sentral 03 2053 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2058 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2070 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2072 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2078 xxxx: KL Sentral 03 2087 xxxx: Damansara 03 2090 xxxx: Damansara 03 2092-2094 xxxx: Damansara 03 2098-2099 xxxx: Damansara 04: Kedah, Perlis, Penang 05: Perak 06: Melaka, Negeri Sembilan 07: Johor 082-087: Sarawak 088-089: Sabah 09: Kelantan, Pahang, Terengganu 112: Emergency (from mobile phone) 991: Civil Defense 994: Fire 999: Police, Ambulance
Mexico
Country Code: 52
In 1999 Mexico introduced the following new prefixes long distance calls for long distance and international calls:
00 - international direct dialing (00 + country code + nat'l number)
including USA and Canada. 01 - domestic direct dialing (01 + area code + number) 02 - domestic person-to-person (02 + area code + number) 09 - international person-to-person (09 + country code + number)
including USA and Canada.
This did not affect calls from outside Mexico, which continued to be dialed in the same format, for example, to call a number in Mexico City:
+52 55 xxxx xxxx
Moldova
Country Code: 373
In 2003 Moldova introduced new open type telephone numbering plan [1]. It created controversy with Transnistria, which then adopted its own plan instead [2].
Netherlands
Main article: Telephone numbers in the Netherlands See also Communications in the Netherlands
Country Code: 31
In the Netherlands, the area codes are -- excluding the leading '0' -- one, two or three digits long, with larger towns and cities having shorter area codes permitting a larger number of telephone numbers in the ten digits used. Since renumbering in 1996, subscribers' numbers are now either six digits long, or in the larger towns and cities, seven digits.
010: Rotterdam 020: Amsterdam 030: Utrecht 040: Eindhoven 050: Groningen 06: mobile phone number 066: mobile pagers 0676: internet access number 070: The Hague 0800: toll free number 084: location independent (used mostly for fax-to-email and voicemail services) 087: location independent 0900: premium rate, information 0906: premium rate, erotic 0909: premium rate, entertainment 112: emergency services number
066, 084 and 087 are often used by scammers, because they are easy and cheap to register and make identification very hard.
Previously, 06-0 and 06-1000 and 06-4 were used for toll-free numbers, and other 06 for mobile and premium rate, while 09 was used as the international access code, before this changed to 00. The emergency number used to be 06-11.
New Zealand
Country Code: 64
Since 1993, land-line telephone numbers in New Zealand consist of a single-digit area code and seven-digit local numbers, the first three of which generally specify the exchange and the final four a line at that exchange. The long distance prefix is '0'.
There are five regional area codes, which must be used when calling outside the local dialing area, for example from Christchurch to Dunedin in the South Island, the '03' prefix must be dialed first. In many parts of the country, the old area code was incorporated into the new number, hence Nelson (055) xx xxx became (03) 55x xxxx .
024099 Scott Base in the Ross Dependency 03 the South Island and the Chatham Islands 04 Wellington Region except the Wairarapa and Otaki 06 the remaining southern and eastern North Island: - Taranaki - Manawatu-Wanganui except Taumarunui - Hawke's Bay - Gisborne - the Wairarapa and Otaki 07 the Waikato, the Bay of Plenty and Taumarunui 09 Auckland and Northland
Mobile phone numbers are prefixed with 02, followed by one digit and the subscriber's number, which is either six, seven or eight digits, dialled in full, e.g. 025 xxx xxx or 027 xxx xxxx.
021 Vodafone 025 Telecom 027 Telecom 029 Vodafone/TelstraClear
Free call services generally use the prefix 0800 (although some use 0508) while local rate (usually internet access numbers) have the prefix 08xx. Premium rate services use the code 0900 followed by five digits.
The main international prefix is '00' (there are others for special purposes, such as 0161, for discounted rates). The emergency services number is '111'.
Norway
Country Code: 47
Since 1992, land-line and mobile telephone numbers in Norway consist of eight digits, without any area codes. The numbers are apportioned in chunks, which vary in size between a thousand and over a million, among counties and telephone companies.
00 international dialing prefix 01 reserved for future changes 02xxx-09xxx 5-digit non-geographical numbers 100-189 standardised special numbers (e.g. 112 for emergency) 19x operator-specific special numbers 2x xx xx xx geographical numbers, mainly Oslo 3x xx xx xx geographical numbers in south-central counties, except Oppland 4xx xx xxx mobile numbers 5x xx xx xx geographical numbers in south-western counties, including Bergen 6x xx xx xx geographical numbers in south-eastern counties and Oppland 7x xx xx xx geographical numbers in the north, including Trondheim 8x xx xx xx non-geographical numbers (toll-free, voicemail, etc.) 9xx xx xxx mobile numbers
Peru
Country Code: 51
Most area codes in Peru changed on 1 March 2003, providing an area code for each region (national subdivision).
Also on that date, '9' was prepended to existing cellular/mobile numbers. Mobile subscriber numbers are now 8 digits in Lima (+51 1 9xxxxxxx) and 7 digits elsewhere (+51 xx 9xxxxxx).
Poland
Country Code: 48
Polish phone numbers: 10 digits, starting with a 0.
0xx xxx xx xx (within Poland) +48 xx xxx xx xx (outside Poland)
Polish mobile number: 10 digits, starting with 05, 06 and 08.
05x xxx xx xx 06x xxx xx xx 08x xxx xx xx
Reserved for UMTS but not yet assigned:
078 xxx xx xx 079 xxx xx xx
Premium Rate services:
070 xxx xx xx 030 xxx xx xx 040 xxx xx xx
Shared cost numbers:
080 1xx xx xx
Free (for the caller in Poland):
080 0xx xx xx
Portugal
Country Code: 351
Portugal changed to a closed numbering plan in 1999. Previously, the trunk prefix was '0', but this was dropped, and the area code, prefixed by the digit '2' was incorporated into the subscriber's number, so that a nine-digit number was used for all calls, eg:
xxx xxxx (within Lisbon) (01) xxx xxxx (within Portugal) +351 1 xxx xxxx (outside Portugal) +351 21x xxx xxx (after 1999)
Mobiles similarly changed, with the digits '96' replacing the prefix '0936':
0936 xxx xxx (within Portugal) +351 936 xxx xxxx (outside Portugal) +351 96 xxx xxxx (after 1999)
Other new number ranges include:
10xx Carrier selection codes 700 xxx xxx Personal numbering 8xx xxx xxx Geographic expansion 800 xxx xxx Freephone 80x xxx xxx Shared cost
Philippines
Country Code: 63
Main article: Philippine Telephone Area Codes
Russia and Kazakhstan
Country Code: 7
Under the Russian numbering plan, the trunk code is '8', with subscriber numbers being a total of ten digits long, for example:
xxx-xx-xx (within Moscow) 8 495 xxx-xx-xx (to Moscow from Russia) +7 495 xxx-xx-xx (to Moscow from outside Russia)
A scheme of 8 + 2 + city code + number can be used to dial within a Region. For example, the code for Saratov Region is 845, the city code for Saratov is 2, and the city code for Engels is 11:
xx-xx-xx (within Saratov) 8 22 xx-xx-xx (to Saratov from Saratov Region) 8 8452 xx-xx-xx (to Saratov from outside Saratov Region, within Russia) +7 8452 xx-xx-xx (to Saratov from outside Russia)x-xx-xx (within Engels) 8 211 x-xx-xx (to Engels from Saratov Region) 8 84511 x-xx-xx (to Engels from outside Saratov Region, within Russia) +7 84511 x-xx-xx (to Engels from outside Russia)
A short list of examples, set out in the officially approved number groups (it's important to notice that the last four digits of the number are separated into two equal groups, and the area code is written without the dialling prefix 8 and in parentheses):
(495) xxx-xx-xx: Moscow (496x) xx-xx-xx: Moscow Region, bigger towns (496xx) x-xx-xx: Moscow Region, smaller towns(812) xxx-xx-xx: Saint-Petersburg (813xx) x-xx-xx: Leningrad Region(8452) xx-xx-xx: Saratov, Saratov Region (84511) x-xx-xx: Engels, Saratov Region
Freephone numbers:
8 800 xxx-xx-xx
Historically, '7' has been used as the Soviet Union country code. Following the break-up of the Soviet Union, all former republics except Russia and Kazakhstan switched to new country codes.
The international access code is 8~10 - callers dial '8', wait for a tone, and then dial '10', followed by the number.
Due to the use of 8 as both the dialling prefix and the first digit of some area codes, sometimes it may be confusing for foreigners to understand the dialling pattern. Moreover, it is not uncommon to see the non-existent area code of 95 in foreign print, instead of the correct 095, due to the fact that 0 is a local dialling prefix across Europe but not yet in Russia (there is already a plan to implement it in Russia, too).
On 1st December 2005, dialling code 095 et al was replaced with 495 et al, so that at a later date it will be possible to adopt the ITU convention of 0 and 00 dialling prefixes for local and international dialling respectfully. The old 095 dialling code is to be effective until 31st January 2006. In Russian: [3] [4].
For a historical overview of the telephone numbering plans in connection with the Soviet Union and now Russia, see ‘§ 91. Краткая история телефонных номеров’.
Singapore
Country Code: 65
See Singapore telephone numbering plan
South Africa
Country Code: 27
Main article: South African Telephone Numbering Plan
South Africa has switched to a closed system, although as of 2005 it is still not mandatory to prefix the 3-digit area code for local numbers. The trunk prefix is still '0', with the system generally organised geographically. The numbers were initially allocated when South Africa had four provinces, meaning that ranges are now split across the current nine provinces:
01: Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Limpopo and North West 02: Western and Northern Cape 03: KwaZulu-Natal 04: Eastern Cape and eastern parts of the Western Cape 05: Free State 06: Unused, was Namibia until 1992 07: Cellular spill-over 08: Special services, including 080: Toll-free 081: Current unused (?), was car phones 082: Cellular: Vodacom 083: Cellular: MTN 084: Cellular: Cell C 086: "Sharecall" 087: VOIP 089: Maxicall 09: International access code, being phased out as of May 2002 00: Proposed new international access code
All telephone numbers are 10 digits long (including the 3 for area code), except for certain Telkom special services.
Spain
Country Code: 34
Spain changed to a closed numbering plan in 1998. Previously, the trunk prefix was '9', but this was incorporated into the subscriber's number, so that a nine-digit number was used for all calls, eg:
xxx xxxx (within Madrid) (91) xxx xxxx (within Spain) +34 1 xxx xxxx (outside Spain) +34 91x xxx xxx (after 1998)
Mobiles similarly changed, prefixed with the digit '6':
906 xxx xxx (within Spain) +34 06 xxx xxx (outside Spain) +34 606 xxx xxx (after 1998)
New numbering ranges have also since been introduced:
10xx Carrier selection codes 700 xxx xxx Personal numbering 8xx xxx xxx Geographic expansion 800 xxx xxx Freephone 80x xxx xxx Shared cost
Spain's international access code also changed from 07 to 00, but this did not affect dialing arrangements for calls to Gibraltar, in which the provincial code 9567 is used instead of the international code 350, eg:
9567 xxxxx (Gibraltar from Spain) +350 xxxxx (Gibraltar from all other countries) +34 9567 xxxxx (Gibraltar via Spain)
Sweden
Country Code: 46
In Sweden, the area codes are -- excluding the leading '0' -- one, two or three digits long, with larger towns and cities having shorter area codes permitting a larger number of telephone numbers in the eight to ten digits used. Before the 1990s, ten-digit numbers were very rare, but they have become increasingly common because of the deregulation of telecommunications, the new 112 emergency number, which required change of all numbers starting with 11, and the creation of a single area code for the Greater Stockholm area. No subscriber number is shorter than five digits.
010: NMT mobile phones 01x(x): South Middle Sweden 020: toll free 0200: toll free 02x(x): North Middle Sweden 03x(x): Central South Sweden 031: Gothenburg 040: Malmö 04x(x): Southern Sweden 05x(x): Western Sweden 06x(x): Northern Sweden 070: GSM mobile phones 071: Premium rate calls 073: GSM mobile phones 0730: GSM mobile phones 074(x): Pagers 076: GSM mobile phones 07x(x): various non-geographical area codes 08: Greater Stockholm 09x(x): Far Northern Sweden and premium rate calls 112: emergency services number
Sweden adopted 00 as its international access code in 1999, replacing 009 and 007.
According to the postal and telecommunication services supervising authority Post- och Telestyrelsen, it seems possible that Sweden will adopt a closed numbering plan in the future.
Switzerland
Country Code: 41
In 2002, Switzerland adopted a closed numbering plan, but retained the use of the trunk code 0. The original plan was to dispense with the trunk code completely, so that all calls within Switzerland would only require a nine-digit number. However, this was modified on grounds of cost. The 01 prefix for numbers in Zurich is being phased out in favor of 044, with 043 being used for overlay numbers.
Until 1999, Liechtenstein formed part of the Swiss numbering plan, using the area code 075, but in that year it adopted its own international code 423, meaning that calls to and from Switzerland require international dialing.
The 07 number range is now used for mobile phone services.
Ukraine
Country Code: 380
Ukraine (similarly to most of ex-Soviet Union countries) employs a four-level (local, zone, country, international) open dialing plan. For all non-local numbers, the required trunk prefix is '8' followed by an auxiliary dial tone after it (optional on digital exchanges), with the following '2' for in-zone calls, '0' for in-country calls to geographical and cell phone zones, none to toll-free, premium-rate and other special zones (e.g. 800, 900, 703, 711), and '10' for international calls.
The in-country sequence for ordinary zones consists of a 2 digit zone code, an optional subzone code (never used for the capital of the geographic region corresponding to a phone zone), an optional filler (0 to 2 "2"s, used to make the phone number contain exactly 9 digits) and the local phone number (5 to 7 digits). Mainly for historical reasons, zone codes are very often named with a leading '0', e.g. 044 instead of 44. When dialing from cell phones, the in-country dial sequence (with 80 prefix) is used even for phones of the same provider. Otherwise a call may be placed in the nearest geographic area.
Geographical zones correspond to geographic regions ("oblasti") with exception of Sebastopol which utilizes its own phone zone.
Cell phone numbers can be assigned both within the cell phone provider zone and within a geographic zone. The latter arrangement is used mainly for CDMA phones and for GSM operators selling their connectivity within one city, like GoldenTelecom GSM). Allocation of new GSM cell phone numbers within a geographic zone is very rare now because law requires all incoming calls to be free, including incoming calls to a cell phone.
Some examples of dialed sequences:
xxx-xx-xx (within Kiev, local number is 7 digits long) x-xx-xx (within Brovary, city in Kiev phone zone, local number is 5 digits long) 8~294 x-xx-xx (from Kiev to Brovary, the same zone, different subzone; subzone code is 94) 8~2 xxx-xx-xx (from Brovary to Kiev, the same zone, different subzone, empty subzone code) 8~067 xxx-xx-xx (from any place to Kyivstar, cell phone provider) 8~800 xxx-xx-xx (from any place to toll-free number) 8~044 xxx-xx-xx (from any place outside of Kiev phone zone to Kiev) 8~044 94x-xx-xx (from any place outside of Kiev phone zone to Brovary) 8~045 xxx-xx-xx (from any place outside of Chernihiv phone zone to