Tromsø
Webpages concerning "Tromsø"
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Wikipedia-Article "Tromsø"
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| County | Troms | |
| Landscape | ||
| Municipality | NO-1902 | |
| Administrative centre | Tromsø | |
| Mayor (2004) | Herman Kristoffersen (Ap) | |
| Official language form | Neutral | |
| Area - Total - Land - Percentage |
Ranked 18 2,566 km² 2,519 km² 0.79 % |
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| Population - Total (2004) - Percentage - Change (10 years) - Density |
Ranked 8 61,897 1.35 % 13.3 % 25/km² |
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| Coordinates | 69°40′N 18°56′E | |
| www.tromso.kommune.no |
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Tromsø is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, Norway. The municipality of Tromsø covers large districts outside the town.
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Geography
Tromsø is the seventh largest city in Norway by population, and is home of the world's most northern university, University of Tromsø, as well as the world's most northern brewery and the most northern botanical garden.
The city centre is located on the east side of the Tromsøya island — about 400 km inside the Arctic Circle at 69°40′33″N, 18°55′10″E. Suburban areas include Tromsdalen (on the mainland, east of the Tromsøya island), the rest of the Tromsøya island, and the eastern part of the large Kvaløya island, west of the Tromsøya Island. Tromsø Bridge and a four laned road tunnel connects the mainland with Tromsøya by road, and, on the western side of the city, Sandnessund Bridge connects Tromsøya island with Kvaløya island.
The Midnight sun is visible in Tromsø from about May 18 to July 26. On the other hand, the sun remains below the horizon from about November 26 to January 15. However, the city is surrounded by mountains, meaning that in reality the Midnight Sun is visible from about May 21 to July 21, and the dark period is about from November 21 to January 21. The return of the sun is an occasion for celebration.
Tromsø (and Hammerfest) are known for having a lot of snow in the winter, although this varies a lot from one year to the next. In the winter of 1996/97 a new all time record was set April 29 1997 when the meteorological station on top of Tromsøya could - with some difficulty - record 240 cm of snow. The coldest temperature ever recorded is -18.6°C, while in the summer of 1972 the temperature just made 30°C (see also Geography of Norway).
History
Settlement of the Tromsø area goes back to the end of the ice age. Einar Østmo reports this region as having Corded Ware culture remains. This is the late Neolithic into the early bronze age. During the iron age, the outer coast off Tromsø was settled by both Norse and Sami people, whereas the inland areas of Tromsø Municipality was all Sami.
The first church was built in 1252, and was then the world's northernmost church, called Sancta Maria juxta paganos, or "Saint Mary's close to the pagans". Probably around the same time, a turf rampart was built to protect the area against raids from Karelia and Russia.
Tromsø was issued its city charter in 1794, by then only around 80 people lived there. During the 19th century the city rose in importance, with the establishment of a bishop's seat (1834), a teacher training college (1848), a shipyard (1848), the Tromsø Museum (1872) and the Mack Brewery (1877).
Arctic hunting, from Novaya Zemlya to Canada, started up around 1820. By 1850 Tromsø was the major centre of Arctic hunting, overtaking the former centre of Hammerfest, and the city was trading from Arkhangelsk to Bordeaux. In 1803 Tromsø became the seat of a Bishop, and in 1848, a teachers' training college was relocated to Tromsø. By the end of the 19th century, Tromsø had become a major Arctic trade centre from which many Arctic expeditions originated, explorers like Roald Amundsen, Umberto Nobile and Fridtjof Nansen made use of the know-how in Tromsø on the conditions in the Arctic, and often recruited their crew in the city. The Northern lights observatory was founded in 1927.
During World War II it served briefly as the seat of Norwegian government. However, the city escaped the war without any damage, although the German battleship Tirpitz was sunk off the Tromsøy Island on November 12 1944, when close to 1000 German soldiers died. At the end of the war, the city received thousands of refugees from the Finnmark province, that was devastated by German forces at the time.
Expansion after World War II has been rapid. The airport opened in 1964, the University of Tromsø in 1972 and the Norwegian Polar Institute was relocated to Tromsø from Oslo in 1998. Tromsø Airport served 1 447 000 passengers in 2004.
The population growth has been strong, some years more than 1000 people; in 1964 the present municipal borders were created through unification of several boroughs. Then the city had some 32 000 inhabitants, practically doubled today at 63 000. At present the growth is slowing slightly.
Population
More than 100 nationalities are represented in the population, among the more prominent minorities are the Russians and Finns. The world's northernmost mosque is to be found in Tromsø. The Our Lady Catholic church is the seat of the world's northernmost Catholic Bishop, although the Catholic population is only 350 heads strong.
The Sami minority is making itself felt again, after decades of ridicule and repression, and there is a Sami kindergarten and Sami language classes in school. Sami was once spoken in communities throughout Tromsø, but is unfortunately a dying language in those communities. Hopefully, this is countered by the recent establishment of a Sami language centre in Ullsfjord. Most Sami speakers in Tromsø have migrated here from other Sami-speaking areas in the North. Suggestions to make Tromsø a bilingual municipality have so far met with limited approval among the citizens.
Sports
Tromsø is the home of many football clubs, of which the three most prominent are Tromsø I.L., which plays in the Norwegian Premier League, I.F. Fløya in the Norwegian Premier League for women, and Tromsdalen U.I.L., playing in the second division (2005). Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon is arranged every year in June and recently also a Polar Night Half marathon in January.
The city is also home to many clubs in the top division in various Norwegian sports. Most notably basketball-outfit Tromsø Storm in the BLNO, BK Tromsø in the top volleyball league for men, and Tromsø Volley in the top volleyball league for women.
Winter sport enthusiasts appreciate the Ski station, situated 10 km outside the city centre, in a suburb. From the southern to the northern tip of the Tromsø Island, there is a floodlit cross country ski track. A ski jump is also situated on the island, close to the university.
Tromsø had announced a bid to host the 2014 Winter Olympics. This is considered an interesting idea to many sports fans, seeing as Tromsø would be the first city north of the Arctic Circle to host the games and would be unique in many of its accommodations, among them the use of ships as the media village. However, the Norwegian government still has yet to officially support Tromsø's bid. Thus, Tromsø will not be a candidate in 2014, although it is considering a bid for 2018.
Culture
Most cultural activities take place in Kulturhuset (The culture house), including concerts by Tromsø's symphony orchestra (Tromsø Symfoniorkester) and plays by Tromsø's professional theatre troupe Hålogaland Teater. The new theatre building was opened in November 2005. There is also the Northern Norwegian Art Gallery (Nordnorsk Kunstmuseum) as well as the Tromsø Gallery of Contemporary Art (Tromsø Kunstforening). January is the main season for cultural events, with both the Tromsø International Film Festival and the Northern Lights Festival of Music (Nordlysfestivalen). Tromsø was the leading city at the early stages of the house and techno scene in Norway from the last part of the 1980's. Local artists such as Bel Canto, Biosphere, Mental Overdrive, Ismistik/Bjørn Torske, Aedena Cycle, Y.B.U, Open Skies, Alanïa, Those Norwegians, Phonophani, Drum Island and lately Röyksopp have all made their marks internationally. The Insomnia Festival pays tribute to this and seeks to profile relevant electronic music. On June 11 2005 the city hosted the 46664 Arctic concert designed to put work concerning HIV/AIDS on the international agenda. The concert was promoted by Nelson Mandela, whose prison number has provided the arrangement's name, and featured international and local artists.
Landmarks
The city centre is the biggest concentration of historic wooden houses north of Trondheim. A multitude of houses dating from 1789 to 1904 (when building wooden houses was banned in the city centre), co-exist with modern architecture. Landmarks include the Tromsø Cathedral (Norway's only wooden cathedral, built in 1861), the Arctic Cathedral (a striking modern church from 1965) and the Polaria aquarium and experience centre from 1998. The oldest house in Tromsø is Skansen, built in 1789 on the remains of a 13th c. turf rampart. Norway's oldest cinema is still in use, Verdensteatret, built 1915-16, lies in Tromsø and is featured with large wall paintings, picturing scenes from Norwegian folk lore and fairy tales, made by the local artist Sverre Mack in 1921. The Tromsø Museum is a University museum, presenting culture and nature of Northern Norway. The little Polar Museum presents Tromsø's past as a centre for Arctic hunting and starting point for polar expeditions, and is situated in a wharf house from 1837.
Miscellaneous
Tromsø was known in the 19th century as the "Paris of the North", probably because people in Tromsø appeared as far more civilized than expected to foreign tourists. Fashions, language skills and a high educational level of the city's gentry came as a big surprise to prejudiced visitors. Another reason was that the many fishermen in the city usually got a lot of money at once when they sold their fish stocks, and so often found themselves buying high fashion from Europe for their wives.
The nightlife of Tromsø enjoys national fame. The combined capacity of clubs, pubs and bars is of more than 20 000 people, meaning that one out of three can go out at the same time. However, the sin city image was more apparent in the 1970s, when the rest of Norway was a lot drier and duller than today. Some of the more famous pubs, bars, and night clubs in Tromsø include Rorbua, Ølhallen, and Blårock.
The local newspapers are named Bladet Tromsø and Nordlys and the local brewery is the Mack Brewery which is the northernmost brewery in the world.
The movie Insomnia was shot in Tromsø and in Nyksund
Tromsø IL is the world's most northern Premier league football team.
People
Famous people who come from the city include:
- Geir Jenssen, musician
- Peter Wessel Zapffe, author and philosopher
- Erik Skjoldbjaerg, director
- Jorgen Dreyer, sculptor
- Einar Hoidale, lawyer and democrat, US Congressman
- Lene Marlin, pop-music artist
- Svein Berge and Torbjørn Brundtland the musicians in the band Röyksopp that is in the electronic music genre
- Anneli Drecker and the band Bel Canto, also in the electronic music genre.
- Cora Sandel, writer
- Arthur Arntzen, writer and entertainer
Twin towns
Tromsø has ten twin towns:
- Kemi (Finland, since 1940)
- Luleå (Sweden, 1950)
- Ringkøbing (Denmark, 1950)
- Grimsby (United Kingdom, 1961)
- Pune (India, 1966)
- Anchorage, Alaska, (United States, 1969)
- Zagreb (Croatia, 1971)
- Murmansk (Russia, 1972)
- Quetzaltenango (Guatemala, 1999)
- Gaza (Palestine, 2001)
External links
- Tromsø 2018 - Olympic bid official site (English version)
- 46664 Arctic - The official site of the Tromsø 46664 Nelson Mandela concert
- Destinasjon Tromsø - Destinasjon Tromsø Tourist information Office
- Tromsø Airport: Facts and pictures from Avinor
| Municipalities of Troms |  |
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Balsfjord | Bardu | Berg | Bjarkøy | Dyrøy | Gratangen | Harstad | Ibestad | Karlsøy | Kvæfjord | Kvænangen | Kåfjord | Lavangen | Lenvik | Lyngen | Målselv | Nordreisa | Salangen | Skjervøy | Skånland | Storfjord | Sørreisa | Torsken | Tranøy | Tromsø |
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