Reghin
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Wikipedia-Article "Reghin"
Reghin (Romanian; Hungarian: (Szász)régen; German: (Sächsisch) Regen) is a city and municipality in Mureş county in Romania, on the Mureş in Transylvania.
The city earlier inhabited mainly by Germans and Hungarians had a population of approximately 35.700 in 2004. Today's city of Reghin consists of two historically independent cities (de/hu: Sächsich Regen/Szászrégen and Ungarisch Regen/Magyarrégen).
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Location
Reghin lies 29km north-northeast of Târgu Mureş on both shores of the Mureş River, at the confluence of the Mureş and the Gurghiu (hu:Görgény, de:Rosengraben). The city was created by the 1926 union of the German-inhabited and the Hungarian-inhabited city, and the two communities Apalina (hu: Abafája; de: Bendorf) and Iernuteni (hu: Radnótfája; de: Etschdorf) added in 1956. (46°46′0″N, 24°41′60″E) The two old (German and Hungarian) parts of the city are separated by the Gurghiu.
History
Reghin was first in 1228 in a charter of Andrew II as Regun, however, it is suggested (by evidence of its strategical location and its defince systems), that the town is older, possibly founded during by Ladislaus I.
Despite of the destroying of the city during the Mongol invasion (1241) and during the Tatar and Cuman incursions (1285) the city has developed fast: already in the second half of the 13th century the city is the residence and power centre of the families Tomaj and Kacsik, whom the nearby lands were given to by the Hungarian Crown. The year 1330, from which on the city is also a minor ecclestial centre, marks the building of the gothic church (now protestant) in the German part of the town, which is still the biggest church in the area and hosts the oldest Latin inscription in a church in Transylvania. The Hungarian part of the town has an older church which was built on romanesque origins.
In the beginning of the 15th century the settlement gains city-rights and from 1427 the right to held markets. In the 16th and 17th century the city was destroyed several times by Austrian and Ottoman troops. In 1848 the city burnt to its grounds.
In 1920 Reghin, which had been a Hungarian city for centuries, was ceded to Romania by the Treaty of Trianon. During the 20th century, the city has completely lost its original Saxon (transylvanian German) character, in place of the emigrated Saxons Romanians were settled in. In 1910 there were 7310 inhabitants, of which 2994 were Germans, 2947 Hungarians and 1311 Romanian. The 1992 census determined 24601 Romanian, 12471 Hungarian, 1790 Gypsy, 346 German inhabitants.
Landmarks
The late German city:
- Protestant (lutheran) church, built in 1330 in honour of Mary. Burnt down in 1708 and in 1848 after which it had been rebuilt and changed.
- Roman-Catholic church, which was consecrated in 1781. The calvinistic church was built in 1890.
- Greek-Catholic church built between 1811 and 1813, today Romanian orthodox.
The late Hungarian city:
- Protestant (calvinist) church, 13th century, in 1910 completely rebuilt.
- Greek-Catholic church built in 1744, now Romanian orthodox.
New landmarks
- In the 1990's a Romanian orthodox cathedral was built in the city.
- Famous zoological and folkloristical collections.
Personalities
Following people were born here:
- Josef Haltrich (*1822, †1886), ethnographer, historician.
- Ferenc Kós (*1828), writer
- Rudolf Wagner-Régeny (*1903 †1969), composer
- Georg Maurer (*1907, †1971), writer
- Jutta Pallos-Schönauer (*1925), Painter