Fairies and Fantasy
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Wikipedia-Article "Fairies"
- For other uses, see fairy (disambiguation).
A fairy is a spirit (supernatural being) found in the legends, folklore, and mythology of many cultures. They are generally humanoid in form, though of a higher, spiritual nature and so possessed of preternatural abilities. They are often depicted with wings and an ethereal glow, lithe and beautiful. They are also regarded as aloof, ephemeral, mercurial, puerile and whimsical, among other qualities that place them outside of a human scope and have a tendency to make them associated or confused with other mythological creatures.
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Etymology
The words fay and faerie came to English from French and, ultimately, Latin. (The increasing use of "fey" for "fay" is due to a confusion with "fey", a word derived from Old English and meaning "doomed to die" and related meanings. It has no historical connection with Old French fée or English fay, and is not a plural form of the latter.) The Latin root fata, meaning fate in the sense of one of the Parcae, is an indication that fays have abilities associated with knowledge (foresight) and manipulation (luck, blessing, cursing) of fate, both of which are qualities of faeries in myth.
Fata influenced modern Italian's fata and Spanish's hada, both of which mean fay, and the Old French fée, which gained the meaning "enchanter." By adding the ending -rie, we get féerie, meaning a "state of fée" or "enchantment." This also befits fays, who are known for casting illusions and altering emotions, particularly so as to make themselves alluring, frightening, or unseen.
Modern English inherited the two terms "fay" and "fairy," along with all the associations attached to them. Since the subjects of the words are somewhat alien and ethereal, the terms are often used interchangeably and have well established spellings which are sometimes varied for effect by authors. Common ones include the following:
- Fay: Fae and Fey (Infrequent historically.)
- Fairy: Faerie, Fairie, Faery. (Well established historically.)
Other spellings are rarer but do exist.
There is, however, a slight distinction between the two. Properly, "fay" is a noun referring to a specific race of otherworldly beings exercising mystical abilities (either the elves [or equivalent thereof] in mythology or their insect-winged, floral descendents in English folklore), while "faerie" is an adjective meaning "of, like, or associated with fays, their otherworldly home, their activities, and their produced goods and effects." Thus, a leprechaun and a ring of mushrooms are both faerie things (a fairy leprechaun and a fairy ring.)
Nature
The question of a faerie "nature" has been the topic of many a myth or scholarly paper for a very long time. This is partially due to the fact that, by being supernatural and chaotic entities, they are difficult to pin down as being anything in particular and partially due to the fact that humans have yet to answer completely what constitutes the racial ethos of humanity. Consequently, faerie runs amok with creatures that are completely unrelated save that they are mythologic in origin. There is a central archetypal figure behind most of the stories described as a tall, delicate, radiant being of humanoid aspect. Such beings are most often called "the shining ones."
Fairies in literature
William Shakespeare's play A Midsummer Night's Dream deals extensively with the subject of fairy-folk and their interaction with a group of amateur theatrical players. This work details the spell cast by the mischievous fairy Puck (at the behest of the fairy-king Oberon) on Oberon's wife Titania, who falls in love with the first mortal she casts eyes upon, the unfortunate Bottom, whom Puck has transmogrified into having a donkey's head.
William S. Gilbert liked fairies and wrote several plays about them. The best is the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta Iolanthe which deals with a conflict between fairies and the House of Lords and, among other issues, touches on some of the practical consequences of fairy/human marriages and cross-breeding in a humorous manner.
In his Fairy Folk Tales of Ireland (1892), W. B. Yeats coined the expression "trooping fairies" to refer to those fairies who liked to travel together in groups. This is in contrast to the solitary fairies, such as the banshee, leprechaun, or pooka. Typically Yeat's trooping fairies are compared to the elves of English lore.
Fairies figure prominently in most of Neil Gaiman's works, primarily The Books of Magic and Sandman.
Tad Williams's book War of the Flowers deals extensively with passing over into a modern realm of fairies.
Isaac Asimov includes a short story about fairies in his collection of fantasy tales,Magic. Fairies are imagined to be sentient insectoids, and the lepidoptera forms the ones most often associated with the term, though the protagonist fairy is of the beetle line!
George MacDonald's book Phantastes.
Raymond E. Feist's book, Faerie Tale, is about a small family in modern age meeting up with some of the more darker aspects of fairies, as well as the Fairie Realm itself
The Susanna Clarke novel Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell is about a pair of rival magicians who make use of and are subsequently used by "the gentleman with the thistle-down hair" also known as the fairy king of "Lost-Hope".
In the Artemis Fowl series, by Eoin Colfer, Fairies are highly technologically advanced, peaceful beings who live underground, unbeknownst to humans.
Fairies in visual arts
Artists such as Brian Froud, Alan Lee, Myrea Pettit, Ida Rentoul Outhwaite. Cicely Mary Barker, Amy Brown and Peg Maltby have all created beautiful illustrations of fairies.
Conversely, the Victorian painter Richard Dadd was responsible for some paintings of fairy-folk with an altogether more sinister and malign nature. Another notable Victorian painter of fairies was the artist and illustrator Arthur Rackham. Interest in fairy themed art in Britain enjoyed a brief rennaissance following the Cottingley fairies photographs, and a number of artists turned to painting fairy themes.
Fairies in modern popular culture
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- Holly Black
- Faeries are the main charcters in her 2 books Tithe: A Modern Faerie Tale and Valiant: A Modern Tale of Faerie, her series Spiderwick Chonciles, and her next book Ironside scheduled for release in 2007.
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- Blue Fairy
- In Carlo Collodi's tale Pinocchio the wooden boy receives the gift of real life from the Blue Fairy. In Steven Spielberg's A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (2001), where an android longs to become a real boy, the Blue Fairy is voiced by Meryl Streep.
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- Green Fairy
- Also called La Fée Verte, a nickname for the alcoholic drink absinthe, so named for its green colour and intoxicating and seductive properties. Originally represented as a green woman, later she has been represented as a more traditional green coloured fairy. Kylie Minogue played the green fairy in Baz Luhrmann's Moulin Rouge!.
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- Holly Short
- Main figure in Irish writer Eoin Colfer's stories about Artemis Fowl. In the first book, Artemis Fowl discovers the existence of an underground world of fairies. He kidnaps Captain Holly Short and ransoms her for gold . In the second book they form an alliance to fight the Mafia, and though she won't admit it at first, she slowly becomes friends with Artemis.
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- The Legend of Zelda
- Fairies have been Link's helpers from the very first game. In the beginning they simply replenished his health or revived him and now in the newer games they are life long companions.
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- Mermaid Melody Pichi Pichi Pitch (Pure)
- One of the 3 winges servant-villians is a fairy. Her name is Alala and sings in order to kill the Mermaid Princesses.
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- Shobijin
- In most Mothra films the kaiju is accompanied by two tiny (often twin) priestesses, called the shobijin ("small beauties") by other characters. They have been portrayed by The Peanuts, Pair Bambi, and several non-twin pairs.
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- Tinkerbell
- Originally from the Peter Pan stories by J.M. Barrie, but more famous for the Disney version, or the portrayal by Julia Roberts in the 1991 movie Hook. She is also often referred to as a pixie, and leaves a trail of fairy dust (or pixie dust) behind wherever she goes.
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- ZanZarah: The Hidden Portal
- The multi-platform action-adventure game features an array of various elemental fairies which the player can capture and train in the course of the game and use them to fight in fairy duels to advance the plot.
In Debates
A fairly common practice in debate (especialy concering the supernatural) is to state the the oponent's views are akin to beliving in fairies etc.
See also
- Adhene
- Alux
- Angel
- Cicely Mary Barker (Flower fairies)
- Cottingley Fairies
- Demon
- Elf
- Fairy painting
- Fairy tale
- List of fairy and sprite characters
- Pari
- Pixie
- Sidhe
- Sprite (creature)
- Slavic fairies
- Titania's Palace
- Tooth fairy
- Trooping fairies
- Wichtlein
External links
Wikipedia-Article "Fantasy"
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For other meanings see Fantasy (disambiguation)
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Fantasy media
Genre studies
Fantasy subculture Categories |
Fantasy is a genre of art, literature, film, television, and music that uses magic and other supernatural forms as a primary element of either plot, theme, setting, or all three. The genre is generally distinguished from science fiction and horror by overall look, feel, and theme of the individual work, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three (collectively known as speculative fiction). In its broadest sense, fantasy covers works by many writers, artists, and musicians, from ancient myths and legends, to many recent works embraced by a wide audience today.
As with other forms of speculative fiction, actions and events in fantasy very often differ from those possible in consensus reality. In many cases, especially in older works of fantasy but in many modern works as well, this is explained by means of divine intervention, magic, or other supernatural forces. In other cases, most frequently in works of modern fantasy in the high fantasy subgenre, the story might take place in a fantasy world that is wholly different from our own, complete with distinct laws of nature that permit magic.
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Definition
Characteristics of fantasy fiction and its many overlapping sub-genres are the subjects of debate among some fans and writers.
A critical characteristic is that the world features some difference from Earth that is not a result of science or technology, but rather the result of magic or other anomalous phenomena. But, again, definitions and opinions on the proper classification differ.
As a genre, fantasy is both associated and contrasted with science fiction and horror fiction. All three genres feature elements of the fantastic, of making radical departures from reality or radical speculations about what reality might be like, or might have been like. Some writers and critics prefer the term speculative fiction due to the frequent crossover from one genre to another.
Further blurring the definition, some suggest there is a distinction between the fantasy genre and "the fantastic", the latter being a fantasy-like element in other fiction.
History
- For more details on this topic, see History of fantasy.
Though the genre in its modern sense is less than two centuries old, its antecedents have a long and distinguished history.
Beginning perhaps with the Epic of Gilgamesh and the earliest written documents known to humankind, elements that would eventually come to define fantasy and its various subgenres have been a part of some of the grandest and most celebrated works in all of history. From The Odyssey to Beowulf, from Arthurian Legend and medieval romance to the epic Divine Comedy, in every known culture the world over, fantastical adventures featuring brave heroes and heroines, deadly monsters, and secret arcane realms have stirred the mind and inspired the soul for as long as we've had the ability to tell of them. In this way, fantasy has been so intimate a part of the history of our species, one might say that it's part of what makes us human.
The history of modern imaginary-world fantasy begins with William Morris, who pioneered the genre in the late 19th century with The Well at the World's End and other novels, and Lord Dunsany, who continued the tradition into the 20th.
In the early to mid 20th century, much fantasy was published in the same magazines as science fiction (and often written by the same authors).
In the mid-1900's, two subgenres of fantasy became very popular and influential: high fantasy and sword and sorcery. J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings are milestones; other important works include C. S. Lewis's Chronicles of Narnia and Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea series. Fantasy writing saw renewed popularity, often influenced by these seminal works and, like them, borrowing from myth, epic, and medieval romance.
Media
- For more details on this topic, see fantasy art, fantasy film, fantasy literature
Fantasy is a popular genre, having found a home for itself in almost every medium. While fantasy art and fantasy films have been hugely successful, it is fantasy literature which has always been the most expansive and diverse.
Fantasy role-playing games cross several different media. The 'pen & paper' role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons was the first and is arguably the most successful and influential, though the science fantasy role-playing game series Final Fantasy has been an icon of the video-role-playing game genre. Role-playing games have in turn spawned much new art, literature, and even music in the genre. Game companies have published fantasy novels set in their own fictional game universes; the Forgotten Realms, and Dragonlance series are some of the more popular.
Similarly, series of novels based on fantasy films and TV series have found their own niche.
Subgenres
- For more details on this topic, see Fantasy subgenres.
Modern fantasy, including early modern fantasy, has also spawned many new subgenres with no clear counterpart in mythology or folklore, although inspiration from mythology and folklore remains a consistent theme. Fantasy subgenres are numerous and diverse, frequently overlapping with other forms of speculative fiction in almost every medium in which they're produced. Noteworthy in this regard are the science fantasy and dark fantasy subgenres, which the fantasy genre shares with science fiction and horror, respectively.
Subculture
Fans of fantasy get together yearly at the World Fantasy Convention. The first was held in 1975 and it has occurred every year since. The convention is held at a different city each year.
See also
- Anime
- List of fantasy authors
- List of fantasy worlds
- List of high fantasy fiction
- Fairy tales
- Horror fiction
- Internet Speculative Fiction DataBase
- Science fiction
- Speculative fiction
- Supernatural fiction
- Themes in Fantasy
External links
- The Distant Star: Amateur Sci-Fi and Fantasy Literature Community
- Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America website: http://www.sfwa.org/
- Internet Dictionary of Fantastic Places
- Most Honored Fantasy Books at the Book Award Annals
- Great Science-Fiction & Fantasy Works speculative fiction considered as literature