Jeans
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Wikipedia-Article "Jeans"
Jeans are trousers made from denim. Originally work clothes, they became popular among teenagers starting in the 1950s. Historic brands include Levi's and Wrangler. Today Jeans are a very popular form of casual dress around the world.
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History
Jeans were first created in Genoa, Italy when the city was an independent Republic and a naval power. The first jeans were made for the Genoese Navy because it required all-purpose trousers for its sailors that could be worn wet or dry, and whose legs could easily be rolled up to wear while swabbing the deck. These jeans would be laundered by dragging them in large mesh nets behind the ship, and the sea water would bleach them white. The first denim came from (French:de) Nîmes, France, hence the name denim. The French word for these trousers was very similar to their word for Genoa; this is where we get the term 'jeans' today.
Jeans were developed in America around 1872. Levi Strauss was a Bavarian dry goods merchant living in San Francisco. One of Levi's customers was Jacob Davis, a tailor who frequently purchased bolts of cloth from the Levi Strauss & Co wholesale house. After one of Jacob's customers kept purchasing cloth to reinforce torn trousers, he had an idea to use copper rivets to reinforce the points of strain, such as on the pocket corners and at the base of the button fly. Jacobs did not have the required money to purchase a patent, so he wrote to Levi suggesting that they both go into business together. After Strauss accepted Davis's offer, on May 20, 1873, the two men received patent #139,121, a patent for an "Improvement in Fastening Pocket-Openings", from the United States Patent and Trademark Office, and the blue jean was born.
Jeans in popular culture
Blue Jeans
Initially blue jeans were simply sturdy trousers worn by workers. In the United States during the 1950s, wearing of blue jeans by teenagers and young adults became symbolic of mild protest against conformity. This was considered by some adults as disruptive. For example, some movie theaters refused to admit patrons who wore blue jeans. There was a type of light khaki pants worn by conformist teens (largely males) who were branded with the name "Socs" (apparently from "social"). During the 1960s the wearing of blue jeans became more acceptable and by the 1970s had become a general fashion in the United States, at least for informal wear. Acceptance of jeans continued through the 1980s and 1990s to the point where jeans are now a wardrobe staple, with the average American owning 7 pairs.
Levi's are known for their rugged construction, personal "shrink-to-fit", and versatility. Originally worn by miners, farmers, and cowboys, Levis are worn and seen in all walks of life. Levis were originally produced in only three sizes, and the wearer would jump into a body of water -- from a creek to a pond to a horse trough, to shrink them to fit. Today, Levis are available in a variety of styles, from tight to loose fit, and are sold either pre-washed or shrink-to-fit. Outside of the United States, particularly in Russian popular culture, blue jeans were and are fashionable, symbolizing American culture and the good life. Being imported American products, especially in the case of the Soviet Union which restricted hard currency imports, they were somewhat expensive. In Chinese, jeans are known as niuzaiku (SC: 牛仔裤), literally, "cowboy pants" (trousers), indicating their association with the American West, cowboy culture, and outdoors work.
Lowrise Jeans
Lowrise jeans are pants made of jeans, with a deliberately low-cut waist, intended to wear low on the hips. See Lowrise Jeans.
Brands
Manufactuers and retailers:
- Arizona Jeans
- Black Jeans by Daniel Black
- Blue Cult
- Chip & Pepper
- Citizens of Humanity
- Denver Hayes
- Diesel
- Earl Jean
- Earnest Sewn
- energie
- Evisu
- Fake London Genius
- James Cured by Seun
- Joe's Jeans
- Jordache
- Nice Work Textile
- Lee Jeans
- Levi's
- Lucky Brand Dungrees
- Mavi
- Miss Sixty
- Mudd Jeans
- Paige Premium Denim
- paperdenim&cloth
- Parasuco - Canada
- Per Capita - Australia
- Rock and Republic Jeans
- Sacred Blue Jeans
- Sass and Bide - Australia
- Seven for All Mankind (a play on the American average of owning 7 pairs)
- Silver
- True Religion Brand Jeans
- Twist
- Tsubi - Australia
- Wrangler Jeans
- QRS Jeans - Hong Kong
Retailers with jeans as part of their collection:
- Abercrombie and Fitch - USA
- Baby Phat
- Banana Republic
- Bongo Jeans
- Buffalo Jeans by David Bitton
- Diesel
- The Gap
- Guess?
- Hollister Co.
- J.Crew
- L.E.I.
- Old Navy
Fits
Fits of jeans are determined by current styles, sex and by the manufacturer. Here are just some of the fits of the past and present:
- Ankle
- Loose
- Straight
- Boot Cut
- Baggy
- Slim Fit
- Boy Cut
- Bell Bottom/Flare
- Saggy
- Carpenter
- Original
- Classic
- Skinny Leg
Rises in jeans (the distance from the crotch to the waistband) range from high-waisted to superlow-rise. See also Lowrise Jeans.
Types
Besides trousers, jeans can also be made into:
- Shorts
- Skort - combination of shorts and skirts
- Dress
- Skirts
- Jackets
- Bags
- Hats
- Capris
Law
On 10 February 1999 the Italian Supreme Court of Appeal in Rome overturned a rape conviction, stating that jeans are unable to be removed without the wearer's consent. Therefore, they ruled, the supposed victim must have been an active participant in the act. [1] This last verdict, however, was also overturned, on 28 November 2001 by the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation, which finally established that wearing jeans does not exclude rape. [2]