Manufacturers and Distributors
Webpages concerning "Manufacturers and Distributors"
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Wikipedia-Article "Manufacturers"
- This is a specific reference to the process of Manufacturing. For the wider business elements of Manufacturing see the definitions in the manufacturing overview.
Manufacturing is the transformation, by means of a tool and/or processing medium, of raw materials into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing of semi-manufactures. It is a large branch of industry and of secondary production. Some industries, like semiconductor and steel manufacturers use the term fabrication.
Although handicraft production has been with us for many millennia, modern-style manufacturing is generally regarded as beginning around 1780 with the British Industrial Revolution, spreading thereafter to Continental Europe and North America, and subsequently around the world. Originally, the term applied to commodities or artifacts which were "made by hand".
While it remains a huge part of the modern world economy—perhaps a quarter of aggregate world production of goods and services—many of the world's wealthier nations devote an ever smaller proportion of their workforce to manufacturing activity owing to relocation of enterprises to lower-wage countries and the rising proportion of economic activity devoted to service activity.
Contents |
Manufacturing topics
Taxonomy of manufacturing processes
Taxonomy of manufacturing processes (separate page)
Manufacturing systems
- Craft or Guild system
- English system of manufacturing
- American System of manufacturing
- Soviet collectivism in manufacturing
- Mass production
- Just In Time manufacturing
- Lean manufacturing
- Flexible manufacturing
- Mass customization
- Agile manufacturing
- Rapid manufacturing
- Prefabrication
Theories
Control
Manufacturing engineering
- Production Engineering
- Industrial Engineering
- Manufacturing Engineering
- Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Computer-aided manufacturing
- Computer integrated manufacturing
- Numerically controlled
- Computer numerically controlled
- Distributed Control Systems
- Fieldbus control systems
- Programmable logic controllers
Assembly systems
Design
Others
Lists of related topics
- list of engineering topics
- list of management topics
- list of production topics
- list of marketing topics
- list of economics topics
- list of international trade topics
- list of finance topics
- list of accounting topics
- list of information technology management topics
- list of business law topics
- list of human resource management topics
- list of business theorists
- list of economists
- list of corporate leaders
External links
- http://www.coolstuffbeingmade.com - Watch Cool Manufacturered Products Being Made
- http://www.nam.org - The National Association of Manufacturers Web site
- http://manufacturing.stanford.edu - A site with videos showing the manufacturing process for many everyday things
- http://www.themanufacturer.com/ - A site consisting of news and articles about US and UK manufacturing industries
Wikipedia-Article "Distributors"
This article is about distributors in internal combustion engines. For distributors in the film industry, see film distributor.
The distributor in the ignition system of an internal combustion engine is a device which routes the high voltage in the correct firing order to the spark plugs.
It consists of a rotating arm or rotor inside the distributor cap, on top of the distributor shaft. The rotor contacts the central high voltage cable from the coil via a spring loaded carbon brush. The rotor arm passes close to (but does not touch) the output contacts which connect via high tension cables to the spark plug of each cylinder. Within the distributor, the high voltage energy is able to jump the small gap from the rotor arm to the contact.
The distributor shaft has a cam that operates the contact breaker. Opening the points causes a high induction voltage in the system's ignition coil.
The distributor also houses the centrifugal advance unit: a set of hinged weights attached to the distributor shaft, that cause the breaker points mounting plate to slightly rotate and advance the spark timing with higher engine rpm. In addition, the distributor has a vacuum advance unit that advances the timing even further as a function of the vacuum in the inlet manifold. Usually there is also a capacitor attached to the distributor. The capacitor is connected parallel to the breaker points, to suppress sparking and prevent wear of the points.
Around the 1970s the primary breaker points were largely replaced with Hall effect sensors. As this is a non-contacting device and the primary circuit is controlled by solid-state electronics, a great amount of maintenance in point adjustment and replacement was eliminated. This also eliminates any problem with breaker follower or cam wear, and by eliminating a side load extends distributor shaft bearing life. The remaining secondary (high voltage) circuit was as described above, using a single coil and a rotary distributor.
Direct ignition
Modern engine designs are tending to do away with the distributor and coil, instead performing the distribution function in the primary circuit electronically and applying the primary pulse to individual coils on top of each spark plug (Direct Ignition or coil-on-plug). This avoids the need to switch very high voltages, which is very often a source of trouble, especially in damp conditions.
Patents
- U.S. Patent 1474970 - Ignition apparatus - Arthur Atwater Kent
- U.S. Patent 1476522 - Ignition apparatus - Arthur Atwater Kent
- U.S. Patent 1560246 - Ignition apparatus - Arthur Atwater Kent
- U.S. Patent 1560247 - Ignition apparatus - Arthur Atwater Kent
- U.S. Patent 1570680 - Ignition apparatus - Arthur Atwater Kent
- U.S. Patent 1591424 - Ignition apparatus - Arthur Atwater Kent
- U.S. Patent 1219704 - Ingnition system - Frank Conrad