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A chemical substance is any material substance used in or obtained by a process in chemistry. It can be an element, a compound, or a mixture thereof:

• A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more chemical elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions.
• A chemical element is a substance that cannot be divided or changed into different substances by ordinary chemical methods. The smallest particle of such an element is an atom, which consists of electrons centered on a nucleus of protons and neutrons.

• A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or compound that retains the characteristics of the element or compound.

• An ion is an atom or a molecule with a net electric charge, having lost (cation) or gained (anion) an electron.

• A chemical reaction is a process involving one, two or more substances (called reactants), characterized by a chemical change and yielding one or more product(s) which are different from the reactants.

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