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Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

P is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is pee.

Semitic Pê (mouth) as well as Greek Π or π (Pi) and the Etruscan and Latin letters that developed from the former alphabet all symbolized /p/, a plosive, unvoiced consonant. Those who speak Arabic usually have difficulty pronouncing this sound; they pronounce it like b instead.

Contents 1 Phonetic use 2 Alternative representations 2.1 Computing 3 Meanings for P 4 See also

Phonetic use

In English and most other European languages, P is a voiceless bilabial plosive (/p/ in the IPA). A common digraph in English is "ph", which represents the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/, and is commonly used to transliterate Phi ( φ ) in loanwords from Greek. Both initial and final P can be combined with many other discrete consonants in English words. A common example of assimilation is the tendency of prefixes ending in N to become M before P (such as "in" + "pulse" → "impulse" — see also List of Latin words with English derivatives).

In German, the digraph "pf" is common, representing a labial affricate of /p/ and /f/.

Alternative representations

Papa represents the letter P in the NATO phonetic alphabet.

In international Morse code the letter P is DitDahDahDit: · - - ·

In Braille the letter P is represented as ⠏ (in Unicode), the dot pattern:

XX
X.
X.

Computing

In Unicode the capital P is codepoint U+0050 and the lowercase p is U+0070.

The ASCII code for capital P is 80 and for lowercase p is 112; or in binary 01010000 and 01110000, correspondingly.

The EBCDIC code for capital P is 215 and for lowercase p is 151.

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "P" and "p" for upper and lower case respectively.

Meanings for P

• In baseball, P is the abbreviation for the position of pitcher.
• In biochemistry, P is the symbol for proline.
• In chemistry, P is the symbol for the element phosphorus, or sometimes for phosphate.
• In chess, P is sometimes used as a notation symbol for the pawn piece
• In computer science,
  • P is an operation on a semaphore, used for process synchronisation.
  • In complexity theory, P is the set of decision problems solvable in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine
• In computing, <p> is the HTML tag to mark the beginning of paragraphs.
• In driving a motor vehicle, P designates the parking gear of an automatic transmission.
• In international licence plate codes, P stands for Portugal.
• In mathematics, blackboard bold represents the prime numbers
• In music, p stands for piano, meaning "softly".
• In New Zealand P is slang for pure methamphetamine.
• In the SI system,
  • p, Pico, is an SI prefix meaning 10^-12.
  • P, Peta, is an SI prefix meaning 10¹⁵
• In British coinage, it is the symbol for penny (plural pence), for example 25p (25 pence).
• In physics,
  • p is the symbol for momentum or pressure
  • P is the symbol power or polarisation;
  • p is the symbol for the pond, a now obsolete unit of force; see kilopond.
  • In particle physics, p is the symbol for the proton.
• As the first letter of a postal code,
  • In Canada, P stands for Northern Ontario.
• In probability and statistics,
  • p denotes probability
  • the p-value of a given result in an experiment the is result's significance; that is, the probability of observing this result or a more extreme result, by chance alone.
• In publishing, a circled P, Ⓟ, represents a copyright on a sound recording.
• In Roman naming convention, P is the abbreviation for the praenomen Publius.
• In symbolic logic, p is often used to denote a proposition as well as q and r.
• In economics, P is usually used to represent price levels.
• In photography, most SLR cameras use P to signify program mode, where the camera sets both aperture and shutter speed.
• In Windows, Ctrl-P, and Mac OS, Command-P, prints the open document.

See also

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Two-letter combinations Pa Pb Pc Pd Pe Pf Pg Ph Pi Pj Pk Pl Pm Pn Po Pp Pq Pr Ps Pt Pu Pv Pw Px Py Pz PA PB PC PD PE PF PG PH PI PJ PK PL PM PN PO PP PQ PR PS PT PU PV PW PX PY PZ Letter-digit & Digit-letter combinations P0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 P9 0P 1P 2P 3P 4P 5P 6P 7P 8P 9P

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