Dunedin

For other uses, see Dunedin (disambiguation).

Dunedin
Urban Area	Population	113,600
	Extent	Dunedin, Mosgiel, Port Chalmers
Territorial Authority	Name	Dunedin City
	Population	121,100
	Land area	3314.8km²
	Extent	urban area, and out as far as Middlemarch, Waikouaiti and the Taieri River
Regional Council	Name	Otago

Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, located in coastal Otago. Known in Maori as Ōtepoti, the city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. Dunedin is the home of the University of Otago.

List of High Schools

• Bayfield High School
• Otago Boys High School
• Otago Girls High School
• Kings High School
• Queens High School
• Kaikorai Valley College
• Logan Park High School

History

The Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland founded Dunedin in 1848 as a Scottish settlement. The town's name comes from Dùn Êideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the Scottish capital. The city founders designed the street layout and names to closely match that of Edinburgh, and some quirky streets were created with little consideration for topography.

The University of Otago, the oldest university in New Zealand, was founded in Dunedin in 1869. Dunedin became wealthy during the Central Otago goldrush which began at Gabriel's Gully near Lawrence in 1861. Between 1881 and 1957, Dunedin was home to the Dunedin cable trams, being both one of the first and last such systems operated anywhere in the world. During the 20th century, influence and activity moved north to the other centres ("the drift north"), but by the end of the century Dunedin had re-established its identity as a centre of excellence in tertiary education and research.

Dunedin Railway Station

Modern Dunedin

Dunedin has flourishing niche industries including engineering, software engineering, bio-technology and fashion. Port Chalmers on Otago Harbour provides Dunedin with deep-water port facilities.

The cityscape glitters with gems of Victorian and Edwardian architecture - the legacy of the city's gold-rush affluence - many including First Church and Larnach Castle designed by one of New Zealand's most eminent architects R A Lawson. Other prominent buildings include Olveston and the magnificent Dunedin Railway Station. Other not-to-be missed attractions include the world's steepest street (Baldwin Street), the famous Captain Cook Tavern, and the local Speight's brewery. Tourists and students alike appreciate tours of the Cadbury chocolate factory.

The Dunedin Botanic Garden

Dunedin is also notable now as centre for ecotourism. Uniquely, the world's only mainland royal albatross colony and several penguin and seal colonies lie within the city boundaries on Otago Peninsula. To the south of Dunedin, located on the western side of Lake Waihola, lie the Sinclair Wetlands.

The thriving tertiary student population has led to Dunedin having a vibrant youth culture, which came to prominence with the "Dunedin Sound" bands of the 1980s (such as The Chills, The Clean, Straitjacket Fits, and The Verlaines), and more recently a burgeoning boutique fashion industry. A very strong visual arts community lives in Dunedin and its environs.

St Clair Beach, Dunedin

Sport is catered for in Dunedin by the floodlit rugby and cricket venue of Carisbrook, a soccer and athletics stadium (the New Caledonian Ground) at Logan Park, close to the University, and numerous golf courses and parks. There is also a horseracing circuit in the south of the city (Forbury Park). Saint Clair Beach, on the city's Pacific shore, is a well-known surfing venue.

The climate is moderate. Winter can be frosty, but significant snowfall is uncommon (perhaps every two or three years), except in the inland hill suburbs such as Halfway Bush and Wakari. Spring can feature "four seasons in a day" weather, but from November to April it is generally settled and mild.

Dunedin features the world's most southern motorway: this 10 kilometre divided highway section of State Highway One (SH1) runs from the centre of the city to the southern suburb of Mosgiel.

Geography

Dunedin (grey area to lower left) sits close to the isthmus of the Otago Peninsula, at the end of Otago Harbour.

Dunedin City has a land area of 3314.8 km², about 10% larger than Cambridgeshire, England, and a little smaller than Cornwall. It is the largest city in land area in New Zealand. The Dunedin City Council boundaries since 1989 have extended to Middlemarch in the west, Waikouaiti in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and south-east, and Henley and Taieri Mouth in the south-west.

Dunedin is also home to Baldwin Street, the steepest street in the world according to the Guinness Book of Records, with a slope of 1:2.9 (i.e. for every 2.9 m horizontally the street rises 1 m). The long-since abandoned Maryhill Cablecar route had a similar gradient close to its Mornington depot. The Dunedin skyline is dominated by a ring of hills which form the remnants of a volcanic crater. Notable among these hills are Mount Cargill (700 m), Flagstaff (680 m), Saddle Hill (480 m), and Harbour Cone (320 m).

The heart of the city lies on the relatively flat land to the west of the head of the Otago Harbour. Here is located The Octagon - once a swamp, it was drained in the late 19th century to create a city centre. The initial settlement of the city took place to the north of this swamp and further south on the other side of Bell Hill, a large outcrop which had to be excavated in order to provide easy access between the two parts of the settlement. Today, the central city stretches away from this point in a largely northeast-southwest direction, with the main streets of George Street and Princes Street meeting at The Octagon. Here they are joined by Stuart Street, which runs orthogonal to them, from the Dunedin Railway Station in the southeast, and steeply up to the suburb of Roslyn in the northwest. Many of the older, more established buildings in the city are located towards the northern end of this central area on the floodplains of the Water of Leith, and on the inner ring of lower hills which surround the central city (most of these hills, such as Maori Hill, Pine Hill, and Maryhill, rise to some 200 metres above the plain).

List of Dunedin suburbs

For information on individual suburbs, see Suburbs of Dunedin, New Zealand

Inner suburbs

(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)

Woodhaugh; Dalmore; Pine Hill; Dunedin North; North East Valley; Opoho; Ravensbourne; Highcliff; Vauxhall; Waverley; Shiel Hill; Anderson's Bay; Tainui; Musselburgh; South Dunedin; St. Kilda; St. Clair; Corstorphine; Kew; Forbury; Caversham; Concord; Maryhill; Mornington; Belleknowes; Brockville; Halfway Bush; Roslyn; Wakari; Maori Hill; Glenleith.

Outer suburbs

(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)

St. Leonards; Broad Bay; Macandrew Bay; Waldronville; Green Island; Abbotsford; Concord; Fairfield.

Towns within Dunedin City limits

(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)

Waitati; Warrington; Waikouaiti; Karitane; Purakanui, Port Chalmers; Sawyers Bay, Otakou; Portobello; Brighton; Taieri Mouth; Henley; Allanton; East Taieri; Momona, Mosgiel; Outram; Middlemarch.

Panoramas

180° view of Dunedin shot from the hills on the west. Mount Cargill is at the extreme left of picture, and the Otago Peninsula is beyond the harbour to the centre.

This is a panorama of the view from just east of the summit of Mount Cargill. Dunedin harbour runs from its entrance near the centre to the city centre on the right, the peninsula can be seen beyond. The base of a television mast can be seen at the extreme left and right edges.

This is a panorama of the view from the summit of Mount Cargill. The base of a television mast can be seen on the left, with the Dunedin harbour and the peninsula beyond. Dunedin city centre can be seen in the middle.

This is a panorama of the view from the summit of Flagstaff Hill. Dunedin can be seen on the right, and Mosgiel on the left. Mount Cargill is slightly right of centre.

Noted inhabitants

The arts

• Thomas Bracken (21 December 1843 -- 16 February 1898), the noted late-19th century poet who wrote the New Zealand National Anthem and who was the first person to publish the phrase "God's Own Country".
• Illustrator and engraver John Buckland Wright.
• Maori sculptor Carissa Proffit (b 1974), who works in Oamaru stone.
• Nobel Prize short-listee Janet Frame, born there in 1924, died there in 2004: NZ Edge biography
• Writer James K. Baxter was born in Dunedin in 1926 and wrote many of his plays there in the '60s in association with Rosalie and Patric Carey's Globe Theatre.
• Cartoonist David Low lived in Dunedin before making his fame in London.
• Caricature artist Murray Webb remains a resident.
• Maori painter Ralph Hotere lives and works in Port Chalmers.
• Painters Grahame Sydney, Jeffrey Harris and Claire Beynon all live in Dunedin.
• Actor Sam Neill has close associations with Dunedin.
• Playwright Roger Hall lived and wrote in Dunedin for several years.
• Prominent architects Francis Petre and Robert Lawson both lived and worked in Dunedin.
• Many of New Zealand’s top bands of the 1980s and early 1990s started out in Dunedin, establishing the Dunedin Sound.
• The Malaysian novelist John Ling is a resident.

Politics and business

• A large proportion of the country's leading companies in and beyond the 20th century originated in Dunedin. A selection of relevant company or brand names includes Arthur Barnett, Donaghy, Fletcher, Fulton Hogan, Hallenstein, Methven, Mosgiel, NZI, Ravensdown, Wests, Whitcoulls, and Wrightson.
• The Bell Tea Company was founded here in 1898 and still has one of its factories in Hope Street (possibly recently mothballed).
• Deputy Prime Minister (since 1999) Michael Cullen was Member of Parliament for the Dunedin electorate of Saint Kilda from 1981 until 1999.

Science

• Tramway and mining engineer George Smith Duncan was born in Dunedin in 1852, attended the University of Otago and was instrumental in building the Dunedin cable tramway system.
• Two of the founders of modern plastic surgery, Harold Gillies and Archibald McIndoe were born in Dunedin in 1882 and 1900 respectively.
• Popular email program Pegasus Mail was written by David Harris while he was employed by the University of Otago.

Sport

• World record-breaking middle-distance athlete Jack Lovelock lived in the city, as did Olympic champions long jumper Yvette (Corlett) Williams and swimmer Danyon Loader.
• Other sporting celebrities to have lived in Dunedin include cricketers Glenn Turner and Clarrie Grimmett, netballer Lois Muir, yachtsman Russell Coutts and double international (cricket and rugby) Jeff Wilson.

Military

• Keith Park - WW1 Air Ace, later Air Marshall, a three star General rank, in the defense of London.
• Duncan Boyes, English recipient of the Victoria Cross, 1864-Japan, was buried in Dunedin in 1869.

Events

Annual events

• January - Whare Flat Folk Festival
• January - Southern Festival of Speed classic car road-race
• February - New Zealand Masters Games (Biennial event)
• February - University of Otago & Otago Polytechnic Orientation Weeks
• February - Dunedin Summer Festival
• May - Vodafone Id DunedinFashion Show
• May - Capping Week (University of Otago)
• May - Dunedin Film Festival
• May - Otago Rally
• May - Regent Theatre 24-hour book sale (reputedly the world's largest regularly-held second-hand book sale)
• July - Gay Pride Month
• July - Taste Otago Dunedin Food and Wine Festival
• July - Cadbury Chocolate Carnival
• July - International Film Festival
• September - Samstock Music Festival
• October - Otago Festival of the Arts (and Fringe Festival) - every second year
• October - Rhododendron Week
• December - Santa Parade

Past events

• 1865 - New Zealand Exhibition (1865)
• 1889 - New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition (1889)
• 1898 - Otago Jubilee Industrial Exhibition (1898)
• 1925 - New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition (1925)
• 1948 - Centennial celebrations

Prominent Dunedin buildings and landmarks

• Dunedin Railway Station
• Larnach Castle
• Cargill's Castle
• Hocken Library
• Moana Pool
• Cadbury World
• Olveston
• Speight's Brewery
• Carisbrook
• Dunedin Public Art Gallery

Churches

• St. Paul's Cathedral
• First Church
• Knox Church
• St. Joseph's Cathedral

Places of education

• University of Otago
• Otago Polytechnic
• Dunedin College of Education
• Otago Boys High School
• Otago Girls High School
• Balmacewan Intermediate School
• MacAndrew Intermediate School
• Columba College
• Kavanagh College
• Bayfield High School
• Logan Park High School
• Kavanagh College
• Kaikorai College
• King's High School
• Queen's High School
• George Street Normal School
• Tahuna Normal Intermediate School
• Dunedin North Intermediate School

Twinning

Dunedin maintains cultural, economic and educational ties with Edinburgh, Scotland. It is also twinned with Otaru, Japan, and Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

More information

The city was possibly the origin of the first Anzac biscuits. Dunedin was the city in which Speights beer was first brewed.

External links

• City of Dunedin official website
• Profiles of relevant websites categorised geographically
• Dunedin Tourism official Website
• Tourism Dunedin
• Dunedin Directory and Information website
• Cadbury Factory
• Dunedin InternationalAirport
• Dunedin College of Education
• Dunedin Public Art Gallery
• Dunedin Brewery

Further reading

• Bishop, G. & Hamel, A. (1993). From sea to silver peaks. Dunedin: John McIndoe. ISBN 0-86868-149-0.
• Dann, C. & Peat, N. (1989). Dunedin, North and South Otago. Wellington, NZ: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01438-0.
• Herd, J. & Griffiths, G.J. (1980). Discovering Dunedin. Dunedin: John McIndoe. ISBN 0-86868-030-3.